Heat liberated and the friction associated with the cutting process ever pose a problem in terms of tool life. Cutting fluids have been the conventional choice to address the problem. However, environmental hazards posed by the fluids have limited their usage, giving rise to minimum quantity lubrication. Nevertheless, its capability to carry away the heat and provide adequate lubrication is limited. In view of the above problems, nanofluids have gained prominence. Nanofluids, with their cooling and lubricating properties, have emerged as a promising solution. This article deals with characterizing changes in the heat transfer capacities of nanofluids with the inclusion of nanoparticles in the cutting fluids. To estimate the prevalent temperatures in machining, a facing operation is carried out under constant cutting conditions in a dry state and using conventional cutting fluid as coolant. Heat transfer coefficients are estimated using the analogy for flow over flat plates in all lubricating conditions. The temperatures calculated using the estimated heat transfer coefficient for conventional cutting fluid are compared with the experimental observations to validate the methodology. Temperature profiles are simulated using ANSYS 5.4 to infer on the suitability of the coolants in enhancing machining performance. Nanoparticle inclusion is found to be beneficial in improving the coolant properties. Nevertheless, the high cost of nanoparticles may appear to be prohibitive and hence minimum requirement of inclusion is estimated.

The density and volume of four Indian edible vegetable oils, sunflower, rice bran, groundnut and coconut, and one Indian nonedible oil, castor oil, have been experimentally determined. The values obtained were used to estimate the volume expansivity a, hence the thermoacoustic parameters, such as the Sharma constant S~ the isochoric temperature coefficient of internal pressure ~] v, the isochoric temperature coefficient of volume expansion Jr, reduced volume I~, reduced compressibility ~ and the Huggins parameter F. The results obtained show that the Sharma constant So has the same characteristic value of 1.11 ___ 0.01 for the five oils, thus establishing the constancy of the Sharma parameter. All the other parameters are of the expected order of magnitude; however, in all cases there is a uniform deviation at 293~ which can be attributed to the behavior of density and volume at this temperature.KEY WORDS: Density, Huggins parameter, isochoric temperature coefficient of internal pressure, isochoric temperature coefficient of volume expansion, physicochemical properties, reduced compressibility, reduced volume, Sharma constant, vegetable oils, volume expansivity.

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From the volume expansivity c~, a number of thermoacoustic parameters, including the Sharma constant, So, are estimated for four fatty acids as a function of temperature. The Sharma constant, which was established to be a constant with the characteristic value 1.11 _ 0.01 over a number of systems investigated by earlier investigators, is also found to be a constant with the same value for all fatty acids under investigation. Further, the Sharma constant, So, is independent of temperature and dependent only on c~. All other parameters estimated are discussed and compared with the values reported in the literature by earlier workers for different systems.JAOCS 72, 1537-1540 (1995).

Progressive press tool is a die in which two or more operations are performed on each stroke of the press. The following study mostly focuses on the designing of progressive press tool and bending press tool to be used in the production of the stay bracket, also modeling of all the components, and analyzing the stress and deflection on the components. The modeling of the components was carried out on AUTODESK INVENTOR PROFESSIONAL 2016, and the structural analysis of the components was carried out on ANSYS WORKBENCH (ver. 17.0). The design and analysis of components was done by following the standard die design and analysis methods. The selection of materials for various components was also made by following standard die design procedure. The manufacturing of all the above components was done by following the standard manufacturing principles on Lathe, Vertical milling, and Drilling machines according to the requirement.