BACKGROUND: The wound healing process includes inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling phases, the main features of which are inflammation, neoangiogenesis, and epithelialization. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is one modality postulated to improve wound healing. The objective of this study was to determine whether HBOT could improve selected features of burn wound healing in an experimental rabbit model. METHODS: Researchers conducted an experimental study with 36 rabbits given second-degree burns. Subjects were separated into two groups: a control group (n = 18) and an intervention group that was given HBOT at 2.4 atmospheres absolute for 6 days (n = 18). The main outcome measure was wound healing. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the HBOT group showed more robust inflammatory cells ( P = .025) and epithelialization ( P = .024), but no significant difference in angiogenesis ( P = .442). CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that HBOT may improve second-degree burn healing by increasing inflammatory cell migration and re-epithelialization.

Maxillofacial structure is an unprotected part of the head and is easily exposed to blunt trauma. This structure functions as a safety cushion for the brain when a trauma occures. This study was conducted at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado and aimed to obtain the relationship between maxillofacial fracture and intracranial lesion. Subjects were patients at the emergency unit with traffic accident associated with maxillofacial fracture with or without intracranial lelsion. GCS examination and CT scan of the head were performed to evaluate the intracranial lesion and the maxillofacial fracture (mild, moderate, or severe depended on the type of fracture). Data were tabulated and analyzed with Spearman correlation test using SPSS 2.2 program. The results showed that there were 50 patients with maxilllofacial injury, consisted of: 19 patients with mild injury, 25 patients with moderate injury, and 6 patients with severe injury. There were 13 patients with intracranial lesion and 37 patients without intracranial lesion. The Spearman correlation test showed an X2 = 32,60 and a P < 0.0001. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between maxillofacial fracture and intracranial lesion.Keywords: maxillofacial fracture, intracranial lesionAbstrak: Struktur maksilofasial merupakan bagian dari tubuh yang tidak terlindungi, mudah terpapar oleh trauma tumpul, dan merupakan bantal pengaman untuk otak saat trauma terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara fraktur maksilofasial dengan lesi intracranial dan dilakukan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Subyek penelitian ialah pasien yang datang ke unit gawat darurat yang mengalami kecelakaan lalu lintas dengan fraktur maksilofasial serta ada atau tidaknya lesi intrakranial. Pemeriksaan GCS serta CT scan kepala dilakukan untuk menilai lesi intrakranial sekaligus menilai fraktur maksilofasial (ringan, sedang, atau berat, tergantung dari jenis fraktur). Data ditabulasi dan diuji kemaknaannya dengan korelasi Spearman menggunakan program SPSS 2.2. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 50 pasien dengan cedera maksilofasial didapatkan: 19 pasien cedera ringan, 25 pasien cedera sedang, dan 6 pasien cedera berat. Terdapat 13 pasien yang disertai lesi intrakranial, sedangkan yang tanpa lesi intrakranial sebanyak 37 pasien. Uji statistik mendapatkan nilai X2 = 32,60 dengan P <0,0001 yang menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara fraktur maksilofasial dan lesi intrakranial. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara fraktur maksilofasial dan lesi intrakranial.Kata kunci: Fraktur maksilofasial, lesi intrakranial

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increased globally every year, especially in developed countries. In Indonesia, the prevalence of diabetic ulcers is amounted to 15%. Mortality and amputation are as high as 32.5% and 23.5% and are the most common cause of diabetic patient care in the hospital. This study was aimed to compare the sensitivity of diabetic ulcers’ bacteria to PHMB gel with 0.9% saline gel. This was a descriptive analytical study. Subjects were 57 patients of diabetic ulcer associated with infection. Pus samples obtained from the diabetic ulcers were cultured and were further evaluated for the sensitivity test to PHMB gel and saline gel. Data were analyzed by using the ƻ test. The results showed that the proportion of bacteria’ sensitivity to PHMB was significantly different (P <0.05) meanwhile to 20% saline gel was not significantly different (P <0.05). Conclusion: Application of PHMB gel could improve the process of wound healing of diabetic ulcer with infection.Keywords: PHMB gel, Na Cl gel, diabetic ulcer with infectionAbstrak: Prevalensi penyandang diabetes melitus (DM) secara global semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya terutama di negara berkembang. Di Indonesia, prevalensi ulkus diabetik pada penyandang DM sebesar 15%. Angka kematian dan amputasi sangat tinggi yaitu sebesar 32,5% dan 23,5% yang merupakan penyebab terbanyak perawatan di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola kuman pada ulkus diabetik serta membandingkan kepekaan kuman terhadap PHMB gel dan NaCl gel. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik. Subyek penelitian ialah 57 pasien dengan ulkus diabetik disertai infeksi. Sampel pus dari ulkus diabetik dibuat kultur kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji kepekaan kuman terhadap PHMB gel dan NaCl gel. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ƻ. Hasil uji statistik mendapatkan perbedaan proporsi kepekaan kuman terhadap PHMB yang bermakna (P < 0,05) sedangkan perbedaan proporsi kepekaan kuman terhadap NaCl gel 20% tidak bermakna (P >0,05). Simpulan: Pemberian PHMB gel dapat meningkatkan proses penyembuhan luka pada penyandang DM dengan ulkus yang disertai infeksi.Kata kunci: PHMB gel, Na Cl gel, ulkus diabetik dengan infeksi

Background: Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocele (FEEM) is a congenital defect of the skull which poses many problems to the patient as it results in many craniofacial and neural morbidities. While recently surgical correction of this disease is done in a single-stage procedure, many in Indonesia still perform twostage surgery which bears more risks and is technically difficult to achieve good aesthetic results. This case series intend to assess the feasibility and convenience of teamwork approach between plastic surgeon and neurosurgeon in correcting FEEM in a single-stage operation. Methods:We reviewed 8 patients with FEEM treated in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta from November 2005 until March 2010. Four of the cases were secondary cases from Neurosurgery Department, and the other 4 cases were treated in single-stage operation, in teamwork with Neurosurgery Department, using the Chula technique. Results of each surgery was assessed using objective parameters, which are Intercanthal Distance (ICD) and Interorbital Distance (IOD); and also subjective parameters which is aesthetic improvement.Result: All of the patients showed significant improvements in ICD and IOD measurements. No complication was found intra and post-operatively. All patients, especially the ones treated with singlestage surgery show good aesthetic results. Conclusion: To achieve goals of defect correction and aesthetically pleasant appearance, single-stage surgery in teamwork with the neurosurgery department seems to be most suitable and convenient.

Besides decompression sickness, hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used as a therapeutic modality of several diseases inter alia wound healing in gangrene, compromised grafts and flaps, crush injuries, thermal burns, and intracranial abscess. This study was aimed to obtain the usage of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in healing process as indicated. This was a descriptive retrospective study using data of patients who had hyperbaric oxygen therapy performed on them at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that there were 128 patients that had hyperbaric oxygen therapy performed on them,consisted of decompression sickness in 60 patients (46.87%), thermal burn in 29 patients (22.65%), diabetic ulcer in 19 patients (14.84%), followed by crush injury, skin graft, and pre-post amputation in 6 patients each (4.68%), and gangrene in 2 patients (1.56%). Conclusion: The usage of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for decompression was 46.87% and for wound healing was 50.13%.Keywords: hyperbaric oxygen therapy, wound healing Abstrak: Terapi oksigen hiperbarik (TOHB) merupakan salah satu modalitas terapi tambahan yang bisa digunakan sebagai modalitas terapi dari beberapa penyakit selain decompression sickness yaitu penyembuhan luka seperti pada gangrene, compromised grafts and flaps, crush injuries, thermal burns, dan intracranial abscess. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa banyak penggunaan terapi oksigen hiperbarik sebagai salah satu modalitas terapi pada proses penyembuhan penyakit yang termasuk dalam indikasi. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data pasien yang melakukan TOHB di RSUP.Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode tahun 2013-2016. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 128 pasien yang menggunakan TOHB sebagai berikut: decompression sickness sebanyak 60 pasien (46,87 %), luka bakar sebanyak 29 pasien (22,65%), ulkus diabetik sebanyak 19 pasien (14,84%), diikuti crush injury, skin graft dan pre-post amputation masing-masing sebanyak 6 pasien (4,68%), dan gangren 2 pasien (1,56%). Simpulan: Penggunaan TOHB untuk dekompresi sebanyak 46,87% dan untuk penyembuhan luka sebanyak 50,13%. Kata kunci: TOHB, decompression sickness, penyembuhan luka