This research studies a novel method of realizing a nonmechanical antilock braking system (ABS) controller for electric scooters (ESs) based on regenerative, kinetic, and short-circuit braking mechanisms. In which, a boundary layer speed control is proposed for a guarantee of the optimal slip ratio between tires and road surface. The antilock braking controller, combined with this controller, drives a low-side driving circuit to induce either an open-circuit or a short-circuit loop on the motor stator's coil to a load; it thus produces braking actions analogous to those in the conventional ABS control. The proposed ABS controller is practically realized. Improvement of the braking performance for the ABS action is further addressed via real-world experiments.Index Terms-Antilock braking system (ABS), boundary layer control, electric vehicle (EV), short circuit braking.

High-voltage light-emitting diodes (HV LEDs) possess higher cut-in voltages and works at a high supply voltage. As the specific feature, they can be directly driven via universal utility-line voltages after appropriate rectification. This significantly simplifies the circuit structure and reduces the manufacturing cost. While HV LEDs are driven directly by half-wave rectified DC power source, which is an impure form of DC, their lumen is easily affected by changing the AC voltage source, while only constant current control is insufficient for stable lumen, thus hindering their usefulness in practical applications. This study proposes a simple, however effective, HV LED driver via a proportional and integral current control accompanied with feedforward compensation which is capable of maintaining stable lumen under changing AC voltage sources. Experimental results have demonstrated satisfactory performance in lighting.