Acne is a chronically inflammatory disease of the skin. 1 Acne is the second most prevalent skin condition after dermatitis and affects about 85% of teenagers and young adults. 2,3 Acne lesions develop in the pilosebaceous units that primarily distribute on the check, chin, forehead, and back. 4 The pathogenesis of acne covers four aspects: hyper seborrhea, altered keratinization of the pilosebaceous duct, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and inflammation.Previous research studies have confirmed that inflammation plays a significant role in acne formation, development, and resolution. 5 Agak, et al found that the expression IL-17 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals can be induced by P. acnes in vitro. Then, they used the supernatants from cultures of P. acnes to incubate with PBMCs, which caused naive CD4+CD45TA+ T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells. The authors once again took biopsies of normally closed comedone-style acne lesions from which IL-17+ cells were detected in perifollicular infiltrations, confirming their results with clinical significance. 6 There were CD4 T cells, macrophages, cytokines, integrins, and other inflammatory components in the perifollicular area of uninvolved skin from acne patients. 7 They all indicated the role of inflammation in acne. Also, in the recent literature, P. acnes induces proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes and the release of cytokines is dependent on Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2). TLR2+ macrophages were found in acne lesions, infiltrating around pilosebaceous follicles and increased

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease without clear pathophysiology. Many factors may lead to its development, including genetic factors, immune dysregulation, neurovascular dysregulation, microorganisms, and environmental factors. 1 This disorder primarily affects the centrofacial region with various manifestations, from facial erythema, papules, pustules, phymatous changes to ocular symptoms.Due to the limitations of subtyping, rosacea classification has turned to a phenotype-led approach. The phenotype approach has been gradually accepted in rosacea diagnosis and treatment.Although there exist different treatment options for rosacea, none of them could cure all patients. When making treatment choices, clinicians should take both specific phenotypes and patient expectations into consideration. The remission and progression may appear during the natural history of rosacea, so the severity and efficacy should be supervised timely and precisely, and the treatment plan