The gravimetric, areal, and volumetric capacities pose important influences on market penetration for secondary batteries. Carbonaceous materials take a leading stand for the improvement of gravimetric and areal capacity in lithium−sulfur batteries; however, they exhibit some intrinsic deficiencies, including insufficient fixation on lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and low tap density, incurring poor volumetric performance and inferior cycling behavior. Here, we report a sulfur cathode based on highly conductive ZrB 2 nanoflakes with only 2 wt % conductive carbon. The resultant closely packed ZrB 2 −S electrode delivers a high areal capacity of 8.5 mAh cm −2 and cell-level volumetric energy density of 533 Wh L −1 with a high sulfur loading of 7.8 mg cm −2 and an ultralow electrolyte dosage. With combined spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculation results, it was confirmed that an in-built Janus crystal facet self-mediation is on-site constructed by the exposed B and Zr atoms for an effective bonding and selective conversion on LiPS upon charge−discharge processes.

The distinguishable physicochemical properties of MXenes render them attractive in electrochemical energy storage. However, the strong tendency to self‐restack owing to the van der Waals interactions between the MXene layers incurs a massive decrease in surface area and blocking of ions transfer and electrolytes penetration. Here, in situ generated Ti3C2Tx MXene‐carbon nanotubes (Ti3C2Tx‐CNTs) hybrids are reported via low‐temperature self‐catalyzing growth of CNTs on Ti3C2Tx nanosheets without the addition of any catalyst precursors. With combined spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculation results, it is certified that the intralayered Ostwald ripening‐induced Ti3C2Tx nanomesh structure contributes to the uniform precipitation of ultrafine metal Ti catalysts on Ti3C2Tx, thus giving rise to the in situ CNTs formation on the surface of Ti3C2Tx with high integrity. Taking advantages of intimate electrolyte penetration, unobstructed 3D Li+/e transport, and rich electroactive sites, the Ti3C2Tx‐CNTs hybrids are confirmed to be ideal 3D scaffolds for accommodating sulfur and regulating the polysulfides conversion for high‐loaded lithium–sulfur batteries.

Introduction Bladder cancer (BCa) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide, and human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, the relationship between HPV infection and the risk of BCa is still controversial and inconclusive. Methods This systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted following the PRISMA 2020 reporting guideline. This study searched four bibliographic databases with no language limitation. The databases included PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies evaluating the interaction between HPV infection and the risk of BCa from inception through May 21, 2022, were identified and used in this study. This study estimated the overall and type‐specific HPV prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using Random Effects models and Fixed Effects models. In addition, this study also calculated the pooled odds ratio and pooled risk ratio with 95% CI to assess the effect of HPV infection on the risk and prognosis of bladder cancer. Two‐sample mendelian randomization (MR) study using genetic variants associated with HPV E7 protein as instrumental variables were also conducted. Results This study retrieved 80 articles from the four bibliographic databases. Of the total, 27 were case–control studies, and 53 were cross‐sectional studies. The results showed that the prevalence of HPV was 16% (95% CI: 11%–21%) among the BCa patients, most of which were HPV‐16 (5.99% [95% CI: 3.03%–9.69%]) and HPV‐18 (3.68% [95% CI: 1.72%–6.16%]) subtypes. However, the study found that the prevalence varied by region, detection method, BCa histological type, and sample source. A significantly increased risk of BCa was shown for the positivity of overall HPV (odds ratio [OR], 3.35 [95% CI: 1.75–6.43]), which was also influenced by study region, detection method, histological type, and sample source. In addition, the study found that HPV infection was significantly associated with the progression of BCa (RR, 1.73 [95% CI: 1.39–2.15]). The two‐sample MR analysis found that both HPV 16 and 18 E7 protein exposure increased the risk of BCa (HPV 16 E7 protein: IVW OR per unit increase in protein level = 1.0004 [95% CI: 1.0002–1.0006]; p = 0.0011; HPV 18 E7 protein: IVW OR per unit increase in protein level = 1.0003 [95% CI: 1.0001–1.0005]; p = 0.0089). Conclusion In conclusion, HPV may play a role in bladder carcinogenesis and contribute to a worse prognosis for patients with BCa. Therefore, it is necessary for people, especially men, to get vaccinated for HPV vaccination to prevent bladder cancer.

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