A Gram-negative-staining, rod-shaped, non-motile and pink bacterial strain was isolated from the soil of a Populus euphratica forest located in Xinjiang, China. The strain, designated strain HYL7-15 T , was subjected to a taxonomic analysis using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated that the isolate belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and was related to the genus Pontibacter, with sequence similarities ranging from 93.1 to 95.0 % with other species of the genus Pontibacter. Strain HYL7-15 T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and its DNA G+C content was 44.9 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were iso-C 15 : 0 (16.49 %), iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH (10.96 %) and summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C 17 : 1 B and/or iso-C 17 : 1 I, 18.46 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG); diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), three unknown aminophospholipids (APLs) and two unknown phospholipids (PLs) were also detected. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is concluded that strain HYL7-15 T

A novel pale-pink-coloured strain, designated R9-65 T , was isolated from a tundra soil near Ny-Å lesund, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway (786 N). The cells were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 4-32 6C (optimum, 25-28 6C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and with 0-1.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, no NaCl

Correct pathfinding and target recognition of a developing axon are exquisitely regulated processes that require multiple guidance factors. Among these factors, the second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, are known to be involved in establishing the guidance cues for axon growth through different intracellular signaling pathways. However, whether and how cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) regulates axon guidance remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the motor axons of intersegmental nerve b (ISNb) in the Drosophila embryo display targeting defects during axon development in the absence of foraging ( for), a gene encoding PKG. In vivo tag expression revealed PKG to be present in the ventral nerve code at late embryonic stages, supporting its function in embryonic axon guidance. Mechanistic studies showed that the transcription factor longitudinal lacking (lola) genetically interacts with for. PKG physically associates with the LolaT isoform via the C-terminal zinc-finger-containing domain. Overexpression of PKG leads to the cytoplasmic retention of LolaT in S2 cells, suggesting a role for PKG in mediating the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Lola. Together, these findings reveal a novel function of PKG in regulating the establishment of neuronal connectivity by sequestering Lola in the cytoplasm.

A psychrotolerant Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain M9-62 T , which was motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from tundra soil sampled near Ny-Å lesund, Svalbard Islands, Norway (786 N). Growth occurred at 4-30 6C (optimum, 25 6C) and pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain M9-62 T placed it in the genus Cohnella; sequence similarities of the isolate with type strains of members of related genera ranged from 92.0 to 96.3 %. Strain M9-62 T contained anteiso-C 15 : 0 (51.1 %), iso-C 16 : 0 (7.5 %) and C 16 : 0 (6.1 %) as the major cellular fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysylphosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 50.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain M9-62 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella arctica sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is M9-62 T (5CCTCC AB 2010228 T