We developed a method that uses diffracted wave data to address the issue of precisely characterizing small geological structures in a reservoir and demonstrated its effectiveness using model calculations. The method was implemented to characterize a fractured reservoir and igneous rock intruded in a carbonate reservoir. Two diffraction attributes were analyzed to precisely characterize the fine, small-scale geological structures therein. Principal component analysis was performed to extract diffraction data from seismic wave fields, and the reflection and diffraction wave fields were separated based on the kinematics and dynamics of the diffracted waves. The resulting diffracted wave fields provided an excellent basis upon which to assess the distribution of small geological structures in the study area. This proved, experimentally, that our diffraction-based method has the potential to characterize the distribution of small geological structures precisely and holistically.

The "black triangle" noise, harmonic interference, and adjacent gun interference in the seismic data collected by the controllable vibrator seriously affect the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. With the emergence of high-efficiency acquisition technology, the "black triangle" noise the impact is getting bigger and bigger. At present, the geological tasks are often accomplished through higher-level seismic data acquisition and indoor fine processing. In order to suppress the "black triangle" noise of controllable seismic data, the effective suppression of the "black triangle" noise has been achieved through the research of high-resolution time-frequency analysis, "black triangle" noise feature extraction, and Wiener filtering. The "black triangle" noise suppression processing of the actual controllable seismic data in the Shun 8 well area of the Tarim Basin has achieved good results. It is of great significance for optimizing the processing effect of the seismic data collected by the controllable seismic source and popularizing the scope of application of the controllable seismic source.

Three-dimensional visualization of seismic profile data can better display seismic data information than traditional profile display, but there are mosaic errors in grid mosaic. In order to solve the problem of false mosaics, an adaptive mosaic method is proposed, first in the pixel shader Calculate the sample point most relevant to the current sample point on the next track, and then map its relative offset in the time direction to the tilt mode and render it to the texture. When filling the vertex index, fully consider the tilt of the adjacent sample points on the same track In order to realize the adaptive tessellation of vertices; finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experiments.

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