A coumarinacyl anilinium (CAA) salt, facilely synthesized via a one-pot reaction, is shown to be a versatile visible and NIR photoinitiator for cationic and step-growth polymerizations. CAA salt exhibits superior photoinitiation performance as compared to commercial iodonium salt in cationic polymerization. Upon visible-light irradiation, this salt undergoes hemolytic and heterolytic cleavage and subsequent electron transfer and hydrogen abstraction reactions, forming reactive species capable of initiating cationic polymerization of epoxides and vinyl monomers. After a short irradiation period, polymerization also proceeds in the dark due to the non-nucleophilic nature of the counteranion. NIR-induced polymerizations were successfully conducted based on upconversion photochemistry. CAA salt can also initiate step-growth polymerization of N-ethyl carbazole (NEC) by oxidation of the monomer by the photochemically formed anilium radical cations. Subsequent proton release and radical coupling reactions essentially yield polycarbazole. CAA salt, featuring straightforward synthesis and long-wavelength sensitivity as well as versatile photoinitiating performance, has great potential in various applications.

Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of tumor cells and is a crucial mediator of resistance toward anticancer therapies. The pattern of a metabolism-related signature in melanoma remains unknown. Here, we explored the role of a multi-metabolism-related gene signature in melanoma.We used the training and validation sets to develop a multi-metabolism-related gene signature. Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method were used for constructing a model. The predictive role of the metabolic signature with clinicopathological features of melanoma was also analyzed. Functional analysis of this metabolic signature was also investigated.A ten metabolism-related gene signature was identified and can stratify melanoma into high-and low-risk groups. The signature was correlated with progressive T stage, Breslow thickness, Clark level, and worse survival (all Ps< 0.01). This metabolic signature was shown as an independent prognostic factor and was also a predictive indicator for worse survival in various clinical and molecular features of melanoma. Furthermore, the metabolic signature was implicated in immune responses such as the regulation of T cell activation and cytokine activity. The metabolic signaturewas associated with the progression and worse survival of melanoma. Our study offered a valuable metabolism-targeted therapy approach for melanoma.

Purpose Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PB-DLBCL) is a rare form of extranodal DLBCL. In this study, we aimed to determine the patterns of relapse and the optimal treatment strategy for PB-DLBCL in the rituximab era. Methods We retrospectively collected data from Chinese Southwest Oncology Group-affiliated institutes. Patients diagnosed with PB-DLBCL from 2008 to 2019 and treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-CHOP) or R-CHOP-like regimens were included. Results A total of 135 PB-DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like regimens were eligible for this study. With a median follow-up of 43 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 84.7% and 69.6%, respectively. Continuous treatment failure was observed, especially affecting the breast and central nervous system (CNS). Consolidative RT significantly reduced the risk of breast relapse (p = 0.013). Relapse in CNS were detected in 13 (9.6%) patients, of whom 4 had received intrathecal prophylaxis and 9 had not received CNS prophylaxis. None of the patients who received high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) had CNS relapse. CNS relapse risk was reduced by HD-MTX (p = 0.036). Furthermore, we screened the genetic mutation profile of PB-DLBCL and found that MYD88 and/or CD79B mutations were present in all patients with CNS relapse, whereas patients with MYD88 and/or CD79B mutations who received HD-MTX did not experience CNS relapse. Conclusions Our results indicate that consolidative RT decreased the risk of breast relapse. Prophylactic HD-MTX reduced the risk of CNS relapse, especially in patients with MYD88/CD79B mutations.