The aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds by bacteria is performed by dioxygenases. To show some characteristic patterns of the dioxygenase genotype and its degradation specificities, twenty-nine gram-negative bacterial cultures were obtained from sediment contaminated with phenolic compounds in Wuhan, China. The isolates were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to 10 genera. All 29 gram-negative bacteria were able to utilize phenol, m-dihydroxybenzene and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid as the sole carbon sources, and members of the three primary genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Alcaligenes were able to grow in the presence of multiple monoaromatic compounds. PCR and DNA sequence analysis were used to detect dioxygenase genes coding for catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. The results showed that there are 4 genotypes; most strains are either PNP (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene is positive, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene is negative, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase gene is positive) or PNN (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene is positive, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene is negative, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase gene is negative). The strains with two dioxygenase genes can usually grow on many more aromatic compounds than strains with one dioxygenase gene. Degradation experiments using a mixed culture representing four bacterial genotypes resulted in the rapid degradation of phenol. Determinations of substrate utilization and phenol degradation revealed their affiliations through dioxygenase genotype data.

Function combination designs integrate multiple product functions into a single product carrier. In this article, we proposed a function combination design method based on the functional redundancy analysis of parent products for the conceptual design process. According to the design task, we analyzed each parent product function carrier, established an expression model of functional elements based on the functional basis approach, and constructed a functional structure of the parent product based on relationships among energy, material, and signal flow. Then, we established a product function redundancy matrix and carrier redundancy matrix, and obtained redundancy functions and the principle structure carrier. We constructed a function carrier matrix for function combination products, sought the appropriate principle, established a design structure matrix, analyzed the coupling relationship between the principle scheme and structure carrier, and obtained a conceptual scheme of combination products through operations including reuse, variant, removal, and increase. Moreover, we used a sticker removal machine as an example to verify the validity of our function combination method.

A Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-207(T), was isolated from the nodules of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants planted in Enshi District, Hubei, PR China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, with its closest relatives being Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14(T) (95.6%), Paenibacillus peoriae DSM8320(T) (95.3%) and Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 36(T) (95.3%). The DNA G+C content was 47.0 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RP-207(T) and P. xylanilyticus XIL14(T) was 40.1%. The diamino acid found in the cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino-phospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. On the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and the level of DNA-DNA hybridization, strain RP-207(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus enshidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RP-207(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013275(T) = KCTC 33519(T)).

In this paper, the shock train in the isolator is taken as the research object, and the method of detecting the leading edge position of the shock train during self-excited oscillation and forced oscillation is studied by conducting the wind tunnel test. A steady-state throttling system and a fluctuating throttling system are designed to apply the required steady-state and fluctuating back pressure downstream of the isolator. Then, the four methods of pressure ratio method, pressure difference method, standard deviation method, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis method are used to detect and study the position of the shock train leading edge under steady and fluctuating back pressure to verify their applicability. The results show that under the condition of steady-state back pressure, the four methods can get effective results, and the results are consistent. Under the condition of fluctuating back pressure, the pressure difference method could not give effective results, but the other three methods could give effective and consistent results. And the results of the standard deviation method and the Fast Fourier Transform analysis method are similar in image and principle.