This paper aims to analyze the Ottoman taxation (timar) system which resembles medieval European feudalism. In this article, a chronological approach and contemporary scientific-methodological techniques have been used, as well as analytical and interpretation methods to clarify the Ottoman legal rules that regulate property rights focused in Kosovo. Based on this research, it has been found that the Ottoman government declared that all rural agricultural land belonged to the state, as well as that the peasant who worked on it had the status of an inherited tenant, and as a reward for his work he had the right to use it but as foreign property. This paper concludes that only a part of villagers representatives was integrated into the ranks of the spahis and the leaders of the Ottoman state, and Albanians had and kept such privileges until the end of foreign rule. This article is important to reflect on the influence that the Ottoman timar system had on the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the countries which were its vassals, even though it has its own weaknesses (Kurmus & Yapucu, 2020).

This paper aims to analyze the credibility and perception of business entities on arbitration with domestic and international elements, which operate particularly in the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of North Macedonia, in resolving economic and civil disputes. The main advantages that arbitration has in resolving disputes are the speed of resolution and the lowest cost of expenses (Larson, 2018). In the article, comparative, interpretative, and analysis methods are used to reach the final goal of this paper. In this paper, it is found that business entities, which are registered in the Republic of Kosovo and in the Republic of North Macedonia, prefer arbitration as an alternative method of resolving disputes, but their experience regarding the domestic arbitration response is not at the gratification level. These findings are important to quote and avoid obstacles to the promotion of arbitration, and the perception, and credibility of business entities, which may be parties in legal economic, and civil legal disputes with a domestic or international element. From this data, we create a general puzzle on the probability of promotion and use of arbitration in the future in this region.

The purpose of this article is to explain the necessity of resolving the conflict with Iran through diplomatic means and avoiding military confrontation, as much as possible and start cooperation with the state as other important regional issues concerns, which in turn is the most effective track for resolving the conflict. Moreover the article aims to serve as an example of resolving the future potential conflicts by diplomatic means as proposed in “Resolved Iranian Dispute”. The main goal of this article is conceptual exploration and identification of concepts theoretically applicable in the field of international relations, as mean of building peaceful resolution on international disputes. Furthermore the enforcement of theoretical concepts to a specific and generally complex cases such as the Iranian nuclear program.

The peaceful use of nuclear program, nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament are the main pillars of the NPT. These three key treaty elements are closely related one to another. The purpose of this article is to explain the necessity of export controls now, who established as international norms, the balance between the use of nuclear material and security from danger activities and noncompliance with international security measure regime. The methodology to be used in this paper, it will be analysis of literature and interpretative methods of international legal acts and declarations of states representatives which are involved in resolving nuclear international issues. Taken in consideration the existing literature on this issue, this paper modestly will fulfill the scientific gap in terms of interpretation of use of nuclear peaceful energy in NPT. Keywords: NPT, Peaceful use, Noncompliance activities Analyzing Main Pillar of Nonproliferation Treaty Despite its flaws and weaknesses, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) remains an invaluable instrument for international security… There is no alternative but to support and strength NPT 2 French Committee for Foreign Affair, Defense and Military Forces in SenateSecurity is an elastic and diverse concept that can be understood in different forms, depending on its objects: the perception of threats, the protected values, and the means through which these values can be protected. The changing perception of security threats that already emerged in the 1980s, and ways in which these threats are addressed, has led to comprehensive and scientific studies of security concept. While the multidimensionality of security is now widely acknowledged in the discourse of security, its impacts on and challenges to international law are yet to be fully examined. 3 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 4 will be the key discussed issue of the analysis over legal effectiveness of nonproliferation, or better known by all entities, institutions, scholars of the international law and 1 with mentoring of Prof. Dr. Ljubomir Danailov Ferčkoski. argued that the NPT has established a sufficient legal framework of control proliferations of nuclear materials and expertise. More than that, the signatories of this Treaty, vowed not to take any action that would increase the number of countries with nuclear weapons. Treaty without any changes so far assumes that states that do not possess nuclear weapons, and which are parties to the treaty must not produce or purchase nuclear weapons or other explosive nuclear devices. But the existing nuclear-armed states, the treaty does not require and does not oblige to submit their nuclear

Since the beginning of this nuclear era, one part of the international pacific community continually had tried, to reduce the risks posed by the existence of nuclear weapons proliferation. The environmental risks from explosions of nuclear tests in the atmosphere had increased the danger as a result of the competition of nuclear weapons triggered various initiatives from the very early design for international legal norms aiming to limit nuclear testing. This work paper tries to IntroductionThis article provides historical data on effort taken by main international stakeholders aiming to reduce the risk from nuclear nonproliferation.As a paper work which aims to give an outlook on genesis of nuclear weapon and official statements from most important official person at that time can be feel the spirit of danger exist and can be occurred in future.Importance of this work is related very closely in raising the awareness of humankind in era we are living. From the First Nuclear Explosion up to the Signing of Non-Proliferation Treaty of Nuclear WeaponsUnited States were the first state to test and opened the doors for Weapons of Mass Destruction (henceforth -WMD). 1 The Manhattan Project, it was he who brought the production of nuclear weapons, and which had been used on two Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These bombings on the one hand helped in ending World War II, while on the other side opened the beginning of a new era in the field of international law and international relations, regarding global security. 2 The USSR (Soviet Union) in trying to balance US in opposing in every field of social life (political, economic, military), successfully tested in 1949 its first nuclear weapon. 3 The rivalry contest between the main winning countries of Ausgabe 11, 2005Ausgabe 11, , http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/the-third-reich-how-close-was-hitler-to-the-a-bomb-a-346293.html, visited on 19.08.2016 The Baruch Plan, The United States Presents Baruch Plan, June 14, 1946, accessed at http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/theunited-states-presents-the-baruch-plan, visited at 18.11..201645. 3 The race between two superpowers will start during World War II. -british-atomic-bomb-test, visited on 20.07.2016.18;20. 5 On 13 February 1960, France conducted its first nuclear test, code-named "Gerboise Bleue" (Blue Desert Rat 1968 . For more visit at https://www.ctbto.org/specials/testing-times/13-february-1960 -the-first-french-nuclear-test, 20? 07/2016 com/this-day-inhistory/china-joins-a-bomb-club, 20.07.2016, 18:32. 7