The present study aimed to examine the effects of playing Nintendo Wii games on upper extremity functions compared with conventional physiotherapy, in children with obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI). Twenty-two patients with brachial plexus injuries were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups by simple randomization. The control group (conventional physiotherapy group [CTG]: n = 11) received conventional physiotherapy for 6 weeks (40 minutes per day, for 4 days per week). The study group, called Nintendo Wii group (NWG; n = 11), received conventional physiotherapy as well as tennis, baseball, and boxing games with Nintendo Wii on days when there was no physical therapy. The upper extremity range of motion (ROM) was evaluated using a digital goniometer, motor function was assessed using the Active Movement Scale (AMS), and shoulder functions were assessed with the Mallet Scoring System (MSS). Virtual reality treatment had a positive effect on shoulder flexion, forearm pronation, wrist flexion, ROM, and functionality (p < 0.05). There was a significant improvement in shoulder abduction and shoulder external rotation in the CTG (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the MSS values of either groups (p > 0.05). As per the AMS, in the NWG, the shoulder internal rotation increased significantly (p < 0.05). Nintendo Wii treatment used in addition to conventional physiotherapy may be effective in increasing upper extremity functions in children with OBPI. Clinical Trials Number NCT04605601.

People form a whole by interacting with the environment in which they live. With this interaction, the use of natural resources takes place. This study was carried out in a methodological manner in order to develop a measurement tool that will raise awareness for the reduction of damage by focusing on the concept of environmental responsibility with increasing ecological problems. The research was applied to 203 people and a pilot study was conducted. Validity and reliability analyzes were made with the results obtained from this questionnaire. After this, the study was completed by applying the scale, whose validity and reliability was finally provided to 260 individuals. The questionnaires were applied between 16 and January 27, 2021, with the approval. In the study, after the factors were determined by explanatory factor analysis as a result of the pilot study applied to 203 people, they were tested with confirmatory factor analysis to test the suitability of the factor structures. The model obtained according to the fit index values was found to fit well. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was determined that the scale is a measurement tool with high validity and reliability. It is recommended to be used in determining ecological footprint awareness.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between trait anxiety and personal indecisiveness of undergraduate students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 244 undergraduate students at Selcuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Trait anxiety and personal indecisiveness scales were used for this questionnaire. The Cronbach's Alpha (α) coefficient was calculated as 0.798 for the trait anxiety scale and 0.929 for the personal indecisiveness scale. After the factors were determined by explanatory factor analysis, they were tested by confirmatory factor analysis to test the appropriateness of factor structures. Chi-square test, RMSEA, GFI and CFI fit indices were used in confirmatory factor analysis. For the results obtained from indices of fit, the chi-square test was calculated as 1.621, RMSEA 0.051, GFI 0.851, CFI 0.930. The model obtained according to the fit index values was found to fit well. As a result, there was a correlation between students' trait anxiety and personal indecisiveness. As a result of our findings, it was revealed that trait anxiety of students affected the decision-making processes. By carrying out similar studies annually within the universities, positive or negative aspects for the personal development of students can be determined, and it can be ensured that they become healthy physicians in the future. The results can give an idea to the managers about decisions concerning some improvements and developments in universities. Veteriner fakültesi lisans öğrencileri için sürekli kaygı ve kişisel kararsızlık arasındaki ilişkinin yapısal olarak belirlenmesi: Selçuk Üniversitesi örneği ÖZET:Bu çalışmada Veteriner Fakültesi lisans öğrencilerinin sürekli kaygı ile kişisel kararsızlık arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi'nde 244 lisans öğrencisine anket uygulanmıştır. Bu ankette sürekli kaygı ve kişisel kararsızlık ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Cronbach Alpha (α) katsayısı sürekli kaygı ölçeği için 0.798, kişisel kararsızlık ölçeği için 0.929 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Faktörler açıklayıcı faktör analizi ile belirlendikten sonra faktör yapılarının uygunluğunu test etmek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde ki-kare testi, RMSEA, GFI ve CFI uyum indeksleri kullanılmıştır. Uyum indekslerinden elde edilen sonuçlar için ki-kare testi 1.621, RMSEA 0.051, GFI 0.851, CFI 0.930 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Uyum indeksi değerlerine göre elde edilen modelin iyi uyum sağladığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin sürekli kaygısı ile kişisel kararsızlığı arasında bir ilişki vardı. Bulgularımız sonucunda öğrencilerin sürekli kaygılarının karar verme süreçlerini etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Üniversiteler bünyesinde her yıl benzer çalışmalar yapılarak öğrencilerin kişisel gelişimlerine yönelik olumlu veya olumsuz yönleri tespit edilebilir ve ileride sağlıklı hekimler olmaları sağlanabilir. Sonuçlar, üniversitelerdeki bazı iyileştirme ve gelişmele...

The present study carried a meta-analysis of the pregnancy rates of different synchronization protocols implemented in ewes in Turkey. A common pregnancy rate was estimated by coalescing pregnancy rates, and the heterogeneity between the studies was explored. All studies were carried out independently. This article compiled 28 studies that determined the pregnancy rate for 2,437 ewes in the synchronization studies between the years 1995-2020. The overall effect size of the meta-analysis was found to be 0.66 (95% confidence interval; 0.58-0.74) (p<0.001). This meta-analysis indicates that fertility parameters were improved with the highest effect size in the synchronization protocol used in ewes during the breeding season by combining various doses of PMSG at the end of intravaginal sponge application as a source of progesterone. In terms of subgroups, 40 mg FGA + 300 IU PMSG (95% confidence interval; 0.50-0.61), 40 mg FGA + 500 IU PMSG (95% confidence interval; 0.44-0.52), and 40 mg FGA + 700 IU PMSG (95% confidence interval; 0.41-0.61) protocol effect size was estimated to be higher than other protocols during the season. Thus, it is possible to control the reproductive performance in enterprises with estrus synchronization protocols and mating of ewes. However, it is important to validate which of these methods are optimum in terms of economy and efficiency in enterprise conditions. Considering the effects of synchronization protocols on pregnancy, it is predicted that Bayes meta-analysis will guide enterprises as a decision support system in achieving optimum pregnancy rates.

Among the sub-branches of the livestock industry in Turkey, milk and dairy product sector is one of the most active production areas. It is essential to examine the supply structure of the milk and dairy product sector and reveal the relations between the production amounts of the products to understand the overall structure of the sector. We determined the pattern network structures based on the amount of raw cow milk entering the industry and the production amounts of six products between 2010/01 and 2020/09. In addition, we studied the product-based development of the sector. The findings obtained from the network analysis of the production amounts of milk and dairy products indicated a relationship between the products and their interactions with each other. The amount of raw milk entering the production process was located in the center and displayed a positive relationship with all products it interacted with. The amount of raw cow milk entering the production process and the amount of cow cheese produced affected other products included in the network. In addition, among the products produced, the production amounts of ayran and yogurt exhibited the highest correlation coefficient with a moderate positive correlation value (0.609). The resulting social network graph provides important clues about the general production understanding of Turkey's dairy sector and consumer preferences in the market.