Aim: the primary aim of this study was to determine whether the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and distribution width of red blood cells are different in children with specific learning disorders compared to healthy controls. The second aim of the study is to investigate the relationships of those inflammatory markers with SLDs clinical severity. Methods: A total of 100 drug-naive participants, aged 7-12 years, who were newly diagnosed as having specific learning disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria were compared with a healthy control group of 75 age, sex matched children. the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and distribution width of red blood cells were measured according to the complete blood count. Results: specific learning disorders significantly affected monocyte levels and tended to affect monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil levels while attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis significantly affected monocyte levels and mean platelet volume and also tended to affect distribution width of red blood cells. Specific learning disorders symptom severity did not correlate significantly with peripheral inflammatory markers. Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate the effect of peripheral inflammatory markers in a large specific learning disorders sample by controlling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity. The findings demonstrated that the monocyte levels are higher in both specific learning disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder groups suggesting that elevated monocyte levels may be a common marker in the inflammatory pathophysiology.

Aim ATM, RAD51 and TP73 are genes that take part in DNA repair pathways. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to determine the genotype and allele distributions of the ATM 5′-UTR G/A, RAD51 135 G/C and TP73 GC/AT polymorphisms and their relationship with clinical parameters in Turkish colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Material and methods One hundred and four CRC patients and 113 healthy individuals were included in this study as control. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used. Results The ATM 5′-UTR G/A polymorphism GG (p = 0.001) and AA (p = 0.0001) genotypes were found higher in the patient group, while the GA genotype (p = 0.0001) and A allele (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the control group. Moreover, the GG genotype (p = 0.042) was higher among patients with advanced-stage cancer and, while GA genotype (p = 0.047) was increased in patients without perineural invasion. The RAD51 135 G/C polymorphism GC genotype (p = 0.0001) and C allele (p = 0.0001) were significantly higher in the patient group, while CC genotype (p = 0.0001) was higher in the control group. No statistical significance was observed between the TP73 GC/AT polymorphism genotype and allele distribution and the clinical parameters. Conclusion In the Turkish population, the ATM 5′-UTR GG and AA genotypes, and the RAD51 135 G/C GC genotype and the C allele presence may be risk factors for CRC.

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Bu çalışmada Düzce İli Çocuk Evleri"nde kurum bakımı altında olan çocuk ve ergenlerin sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerinin ve ruhsal sorunlarla ilişkili olabilecek etmenlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Düzce Çocuk Evleri"nde koruma altında kalan ve 2016-2018 tarihleri arasında farklı zaman aralıklarında Düzce Üniversitesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı birimine kurum çalışanları eşliğinde başvuran toplam 61 çocuk ve ergen dahil edilmiştir. Poliklinik başvurusu olan hastaların klinik değerlendirmeleri DSM 5 tanı sistemine göre yapılmış olup, başvuruları sırasında hastalar, Çocuklar için Depresyon Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Anksiyete ve İlgili Bozukluklar İçin Tarama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiş, ayrıca kurum görevlileri ve öğretmenleri tarafından DSM-IV"e Dayalı Yıkıcı Davranış Bozuklukları için Tarama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği doldurulmuştur. Bulgular: Kurum bakımına en sık verilme nedenleri, yoksulluk ailenin çocuk için gerekli temel bakımı sağlayamaması, ihmal ve istismar olarak belirlenmiştir. Çocukların kuruma verilme yaş ortancası 96 ay, kurumda kalma süre ortancası 36 ay olarak saptanmıştır. 61 çocuğun % 90.2"sinde tanı alacak düzeyde bir psikopatoloji saptanmıştır. Çocukların aldıkları en sık ruhsal tanılar sırasıyla Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB), Yıkıcı Davranış Bozuklukları, Major Depresif Bozukluk (MDB), Mental Retardasyon (MR) ve Özgül öğrenme güçlüğü (ÖÖG) olmuştur. Psikopatoloji varlığı ile ebeveyn ayrılığı, öğretmen ve kurum görevlilerince bildirilen dikkatsizlik, hiperaktivite/ dürtüsellik, zıtlaşma ve davranım sorunları arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bulgularımız kurum çocuklarında dahi ebeveynlerin birlikte yaşamaya devam etmelerinin koruyucu etki gösterebileceğini düşündürebilir. Diğer yandan kurum görevlilerince bildirilen davranım sorunları ve öğretmenlerin gözlediği dikkatsizlik belirtileri bu çocuklarda farklı psikopatolojiler için uyarıcı olabilir.

Objective It was aimed to investigate the role of the forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) gene in the cause of specific learning disorder (SLD) with the next-generation sequencing method. Material and methodsThe study included 52 children diagnosed with SLD and 46 children as control between the ages of 6-12 years. Interview Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Present and Lifelong Version in Turkish, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)-Based Screening and Evaluation Scale for Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Specific Learning Disability Test Battery were applied to all participants. The FOXP2 gene was screened by the nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) method in all participants.Results A total of 17 variations were detected in the FOXP2 gene in participants. The number and diversity of variations were higher in the patient group. In the patient group, c.1914 + 8A>T heterozygous variation and three different types of heterozygous variation (13insT, 13delT and 4dup) in the c.1770 region were detected. It was found that the detected variations showed significant relationships with the reading phenotypes determined by the test battery. ConclusionIt was found that FOXP2 variations were seen more frequently in the patient group. Some of the detected variations might be related to the clinical phenotype of SLD and variations found in previous studies from different countries were not seen in Turkish population. Our study is the first to evaluate the role of FOXP2 gene variations in children with SLD in Turkish population, and novel variations in the related gene were detected.