Benchmarking can be defined as the identification and application of organization specific best practices with the goal of improving competitiveness, performance and efficiency.In this study, irrigation schemes of the State Hydraulic Works (DS _ I I) 10th Region were taken as material for benchmarking irrigation performance for the years between 1996 and 2000. Each system's performance is assessed using a number of indicators proposed by the IPTRID/World Bank study on benchmarking in the irrigation and drainage sector, and benchmark values for performance identified. Whilst further work is required, it is considered that this study provides a valuable starting point for benchmarking performance of irrigation systems in Turkey. This is seen as timely given the increasing demands being placed on the available water resources in the country.
Özet: Su kaynaklar ı projelerinin geliştirilmesindeki ana amaç, suyun yeterli miktar ve kalitede, istenilen yer ve zamanda teminini güvence alt ına almak, insan ya şam ve faaliyetlerini suyun zararl ı etkilerinden korumakt ı r. Bu nedenle, son yıllarda sulama şebekelerinin etkin yönetimine ili şkin araştı rmalara önem verilmi ştir. Çünkü, sulama şebekelerinin planlama, tasar ım uygulama ve izleme-değerlendirme a şamaları ile uyum göstermeyen bir su yönetimi, birçok sorunun ortaya ç ıkması na neden olmanı n yan ında, tar ı mı n sürdOrülebilirli ğini de tehdit etmektedir.Su yönetimi performans düzeyini belirlemeye yönelik birbiri ile ili şkili olan göstergeler; su kullan ı m, tar ımsal, ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel etkinlik göstergeleridir. Su kullan ım göstergelerinden birisi de ayl ı k su temini orantd ır.Bu çal ışmada, DSI taraf ından işletilen sulama alan ını n %85' ini temsil eden 119 sulama şebekesine ilişkin ayl ı k su temini oranlar ı , sulaman ın en yoğun olduğu haziran, temmuz ve a ğustos aylar ı için s ı ras ıyla net su ihtiyac ına göre ortalama 1.73 Determination of the Monthly Water Supply Ratio in State Irrigation SchemesAbstract: The aim in development of water resource projects, is not only to supply the water in desired quantities, when and where we need it, and in acceptable quality, but also to protect the human life and his activities against to the disasters affects of water. For this reason, more attention has been paid on the research studies related to the efficient management of irrigation schemes, recently. Since, the water management, which is not in accord with irrigation system planning, design and construction, applicatlon and monitoring-evaluation phases, results in many problems and makas the sustainable agriculture difficult.The indicators which are related with each others determine the level of water management performance. These indicators can be grouped in terms of water use, agricultural, economical, social and environmental efficiency. One of the water use efficiency indicators is known as the water supply ratio.In this study, 119 irrigation schemes are investigated which is representing 85% of the irrigation area operated by DSI water supply ratios belonging the irrigation schemes have been calculated for June, July and August which is peak period, average respectively as to net irrigation requirement 1.73 (0.57-3.24), 1.86 (0.88-2.89) and 2.02 (0.79,3.34), however as to gross irrigation requirement 0.89 (0.29-1.67), 0.95 (0.44-1.49) and 1.03 (0.40-1.71).
Özet :Türkiye kurak ve yar ı kurak bir iklim ku şa ğı içerisindedir. Bu durum sulaman ı n önemini bir kat daha artt ı rmaktad ı r. Su kaynaklar ı n ı n etkin kullan ı labilmesi ve sulama projelerinin ko şullara uygun bir şekilde haz ı rlanabilmesi için bölge ko ş ullar ı nda yetiştirilen bitkilerin yeti ş me devresi boyunca kulland ı klar ı ayl ı k ya da daha k ı sa dönemlere ili ş kin su miktar ı n ı n önceden bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Sulama suyu ihtiyac ı n ı n hesaplanmas ı nda esas bitki su tüketiminin belirlenmesidir. Bitki su tüketiminin belirlenmesinde en sa ğ l ı kl ı yol doğ rudan ölçme yöntemleri olmas ı na karşı n bu yöntemler pahal ı ve zaman al ı c ı d ı r. Bu nedenle ara şt ı rmac ı lar bitki su tüketiminin tahmininde kullan ı labilecek e şitlikler geli ştirmi ş lerdir. Bu çal ış man ı n amac ı Ülkemizde devlet sulama şebekelerinde Blaney-Criddle (USDA-SCS) ve Penman-Monteith yöntemlerine göre 1984-1993 y ı llar ı na ili ş kin toplam sulama suyu ihtiyac ı n ı hesaplamak ve sonuçlar ı birbiri ile karşı laşt ı rmakt ı r. Bu amaçla 120 sulama şebekesinde sulama suyu ihtiyaçlar ı iki yönteme göre hesaplanm ış , sonuçlara ba ğı ms ız iki grup için t-testi uygulanm ış ve incelenen şebekelerin 0/043'ünde farkl ı l ı k önemli bulunmu ştur. Anahtar kelimeler : Sulama suyu ihtiyac ı , Blaney-Criddle metodu, Penman-Monteith metodu Comparison of Irrigation Requirements Based on Blaney-Criddle and Penman-Monteith Method in Irrigation Schemes Abstract : Turkey is in a arid and semi-arid climate beli. This situation increases the concern of irrigation. As water resources can be used efficiently and irrigation projects can be prepared suitably for conditions, required to determine crop water requirements monthly or shorter periods. The main principle in calculation of irrigation water requirements is to determine evapotranspirations. The most appropriate way is directly measurement methods in determination of evapotranspiration. However they're expensive and needs long time. For this reason researchers developed equations in order to predict evapotranspiration. In the study, the aim is to calculate gross irrigation water requirements based on Blaney-Criddle and Penman-Monteith Method belonging the years of 1984-1993 and ta compare the results with each other in state irrigation schemes,. By this aim, irrigation water requirements were calculated considering two methods in 120 irrigation schemes taken as material. The results were assessed with t-test statistically, the difference between two methods were found as significant in 43% of the investigated irrigation schemes.
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