Background: Confirmatory tests for failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves require direct measurements of the serum immunoglobulin G concentration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has advantages over single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) in terms of cost and time.Objectives: To evaluate the agreement between ELISA and SRID, and to compare the diagnostic performance of ELISA with indirect methods, in the detection of FTPI in calves.Animals: One hundred and fifteen dairy calves (aged 0-10 days) from 23 calf-rearing facilities.Methods: Prospective, observational study. The agreement between SRID and ELISA was determined by the Bland-Altman method. Fixed bias (SRID À ELISA) was calculated. For comparison of the diagnostic performance of ELISA with indirect methods, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated at cut-off values of 500 and 1,000 mg/dL.Results: The agreement between SRID and ELISA was 94%. Fixed bias (SRID À ELISA) was 140 AE 364 mg/dL. The AUC and sensitivity of ELISA at the cut-off value of 1,000 mg/dL were higher than those of indirect methods (Po.004). The specificity of ELISA at the cut-off value of 1,000 mg/dL was not higher than that of indirect methods, except for serum total protein concentration assay.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: ELISA exhibited good diagnostic performance and good agreement with SRID. ELI-SA is an adequate method for both screening and confirmatory tests for FTPI in dairy calves at the cut-off value of 500 mg/dL.

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Background:The use of tourniquet is associated with severe hemodynamic changes, particularly in elderly patients. This study examined the effects of continuously infused remifentanil or nicardipine with esmolol on the attenuation of the hemodynamic changes with enflurane inhalation during total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients.Methods: Thirty elderly female patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were enrolled into this randomized, prospective study. Remifentanil (group R) or nicardipine with esmolol (group EN) was infused using a titration method to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 90 mmHg to 70 mmHg during tourniquet inflation. In addition, the inhalation of enflurane was adjusted to guarantee a hypnotic state based on entropy. The hemodynamic variables, inhaled concentration of enflurane, recovery time, and postoperative pain characteristics were measured and compared.Results: Following tourniquet inflation, the MAP was increased and maintained in the target since 20 min after that in both group. Following tourniquet deflation the MAP was decreased significantly in both groups and more patients in group R required a vasopressor. Group R inhaled a lower enflurane concentration and showed more rapid recovery than group EN. There were no significant differences in the level of postoperative pain between the two groups.Conclusions: These results suggest that remifentanil is more likely to be associated with hypotension after tourniquet deflation and require more attention than nicardipine with esmolol.