Background Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgA vasculitis) is one of the most common forms of vasculitis in children. It rarely occurs in adults. It is a systemic vasculitis with IgA deposition and is characterized by the classical tetrad of purpura, arthritis/arthralgia, gastrointestinal and renal involvement. Certain types of infections, and pharmacological agents have been reported to be associated with IgA vasculitis. Here, we describe a case of IgA vasculitis triggered by infective endocarditis in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Case presentation A 70-year-old man undergoing hemodialysis was admitted because of skin purpura, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and lower back pain. We suspected him as IgA vasculitis based on the clinical features and skin biopsy findings. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed infective endocarditis, which predisposed him to IgA vasculitis. He was treated with antibiotics and low-dose corticosteroids, which led to resolution of vasculitis. Conclusions This is the first case of IgA vasculitis triggered by infective endocarditis in a patient undergoing hemodialysis. Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at a high risk of infection because of immune dysfunction and frequent venipuncture. The incidence of infective endocarditis associated with IgA vasculitis is very low, but it has been repeatedly reported. Therefore, it is necessary to consider infective endocarditis in patients with clinical features that indicate IgA vasculitis.

Inverted papilloma is a pathologic subtype of papilloma that mainly occurs in the sinonasal tract. Laryngeal inverted papilloma is extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported so far. A 78-year-old male visited our clinic complaining of voice change that lasted five months. The rigid laryngoscopy showed multiple exophytic papillomatous masses in both vocal folds, and the left false vocal fold showed slight protruding appearance without a definite mass shadow. We performed laryngeal microsurgery with CO₂ laser. While the masses in both true vocal folds were pathologically diagnosed as fungiform papillomas, the left false vocal fold was diagnosed as an inverted type. We report this very rare and unique case of laryngeal papilloma with a relevant literature review.

Amyloidosis is defined as a deposit of amyloid substance. While it rarely occurs in the head and neck region, it is most commonly found in the larynx. Laryngeal amyloidosis can occur in the false vocal cord, ventricle, and glottis etc. The typical feature of laryngeal amyloidosis is a round yellowish submucosal mass. A 72-year-old male presented with voice change that began a couple of years ago. The rigid laryngoscopy showed a whitish patch in the medial and superior surfaces of the left true vocal fold. He was pathologically diagnosed with amyloidosis by laryngeal microsurgery. With a relevant review of literature, we report this case as it demonstrates rare, atypical features of laryngeal amyloidosis.

Cryptococcus is a pathogenic fungus that can cause various infections mainly in an immunocompromised host. Cryptococcal yeasts are easily inhaled, so pulmonary infection is the most commonly encountered, but in immunocompetent status, primary cryptococcosis occurs rarely in the pharyngo-epiglottic fold. A 75-year-old male came to our clinic with the complaint of foreign body sensation in the throat that lasted for three months. Rigid laryngoscopy showed a circular mass in the pharyngo-epiglottic fold and we performed laryngeal microsurgery with CO2 laser to remove it. The patient was pathologically diagnosed as cryptococcosis. We report this case of rare, atypical cryptococcosis in the pharyngo-epiglottic fold along with a related literature review.