Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emotional labor, professional self-concept, self-efficiency and social support on burnout of emergency room nurses by verifying the level of burnout of them. Through this, we will reduce the turnover and secure professional manpower and they will provide basic data on efficient manpower management. Methods: The subjects of this study were 130 emergency room nurses of eight hospitals in Seoul. The collected datas were analyzed by the SPSS Version 24.0 program using the percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The level of emotional labor of emergency room nurses was higher than that of other nurses. Professional self-concept, self-efficiency and social support have a negative correlation with burnout and there is a positive correlation between professional self-concept, self-efficiency and social support. The major factors influencing burnout were professional self-concept, which was a significant negative influence factor, emotional labor was a significant positive influence and self-efficiency showed a significant negative influence factor. Conclusions: To reduce the burnout of emergency room nurses, an emotional management program, positive self-concept formation for emergency room nurses are needed. In addition, it is necessary to develop and apply a variety of intervention programs to build policy for long-term working nurse and social support systems.

-This paper presents an equivalent circuit model of a LIPB (Li-Ion Polymer battery) for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). The proposed equivalent circuit can be used to predict the charging/discharging characteristics in time domain as well as the impedance characteristic analysis in frequency domain. Based on these features, a one-cell model is established as a function of Depth of Discharge (DoD), and a 48-cell model for a battery pack was also established. It was confirmed by experiment that the proposed model predict the discharging and impedance (AC) characteristics quite accurately at different constant current levels. To check the usefulness of the proposed circuit, the model was used to simulate a motor driving circuit with an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) inverter and Brushless DC (BLDC) motor, and it is confirmed that the model can calculate the battery voltage fluctuation in time domain at different DoDs.

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-In order to present that the electromagnetic compatibility standards following the frequency goes up which is based automotive electronics, in this paper, a hybrid/electric vehicle battery which reflects the frequency of the equivalent circuit model is introduced. By using this circuit modeling, the impedance characteristics can be analysed and an analyze of battery one cell is finished. Using this model, each different from the discharging situation, the discharge characteristic curve could be led. Basic theoretical approaches and measuring results through MATLAB and experimental validation of the EIS measurement equipment was used.

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