A high-throughput clonogenic assay with a micropillar-microwell chip platform is proposed by using the colony area of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patient-derived cells (PDCs) from colony images. Unlike conventional cell lines, PDCs from the tumor are composed of heterogeneous cell populations, and some clonogenic populations form colonies during culture while the rest die off or remain unchanged, thus causing the diverse distribution of colony size. Therefore, area-based analysis of the total colonies is not sufficient to estimate total cell viability or toxicity responses. In this work, the average and standard deviation of an individual colony's area calculated from the colony images were used as indicators for cell clonogenicity and heterogeneity, respectively. Two parameters (the total and average area of colonies) were compared to draw the colony's growth curve and measure a doubling time and dose-response curve (IC). Based on both analyses of two PDCs, 464T PDCs show a higher heterogeneity and clonogenicity than 448T PDCs. The differences in the doubling time and the IC according to the analysis methods suggest that the average area of colonies, rather than their total area, is suitable for heterogeneous and clonogenic samples.

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Abstract. The alignment of pre-operative 3D scans with intra-operative 2D images is important for providing better image guidance. Specifically, overlaying the 3D centerlines of coronary arteries on top of X-ray angiography images reduces the uncertainty inherent in 2D images used during cardiovascular interventions. Because of the dynamic cardiovascular motion from the heartbeat and respiration, a non-rigid registration approach should be applied in contrast registration of the static vascular structure. In this paper, a modified TPS-RPM method is adopted as a non-rigid registration based on a feature-based approach. The proposed method is evaluated on 12 clinical datasets to highlight the necessity of a non-rigid registration approach. IntroductionImage registration between pre-operative images and intra-operative images is a vital technology for image-guided surgery. X-ray angiography (XA) is the modality most commonly used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for visualization of vessel anatomy and catheter guidance because it is able to capture temporal changes in vessel structures during intervention. However, vessel structures are visible only for 20 seconds after a contrast medium is injected, and the projective nature of angiography makes it difficult for the physician to guide the catheter through the patient's vessel system. Similar challenges occur for other minimally invasive procedures [1,2]. To overcome these challenges, a pre-operative image modality is acquired to yield a 3D total anatomic view that can be used to reduce visual uncertainty and to assess the region of occlusion when planning the intervention. Currently, the most commonly used pre-operative imaging modality for percutaneous coronary interventions is 3D computed tomography angiography (CTA) as a complement. Therefore, image registration between CTA and XA provides surgeons with 3D depth perception and better guidance of the catheter, which leads to increased accuracy.

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