Resumo O objetivo desse trabalho foi expor a teoria, propor a prática e avaliar as dificuldades da nova classificação dos alimentos, apresentada na segunda edição do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Foi utilizado um questionário com uma lista de 30 alimentos divididos em quatro grupos: alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados (I), ingredientes culinários (C), processados (P) e ultraprocessados (U). Os participantes classificaram os alimentos antes e depois de um minicurso. O escore de classificações corretas na avaliação Global (C, I, U, P) foi significativamente maior depois (Mediana = 23) que antes do minicurso (Mediana = 13) (Teste dos Sinais de Wilcoxon; z = -7,33; p = 0,000; Delta de Cliff δ = 0,96). O baixo percentual de acertos antes do minicurso entre os participantes justifica ampla divulgação do tema e mais ações como essa para estudantes, profissionais e para a população em geral.

Whey protein (WP) is a dairy food supplement and, due to its effects on fat-free mass (FFM) gain and fat mass (FM) loss, it has been widely consumed by resistance training practitioners. This review analyzed the impact of WP supplementation in its concentrated (WPC), hydrolyzed (WPH) and isolated (WPI) forms, comparing it exclusively to isocaloric placebos. Random effect meta-analyses were performed from the final and initial body composition values of 246 healthy athletes undergoing 64.5 ± 15.3 days of training in eight randomized clinical trials (RCT) collected systematically from five scientific databases. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was statistically significant for FM loss (WMD = −0.96, 95% CI = −1.37, −0.55, p < 0.001) and, in the analysis of subgroups, this effect was maintained for the WPC (WMD = −0.63, 95% CI = −1.19, −0.06, p = 0.030), with protein content between 51% and 80% (WMD = −1.53; 95% CI = −2.13, −0.93, p < 0.001), and only for regular physical activity practitioners (WMD = −0.95; 95% CI = −1.70, −0.19, p = 0.014). There was no significant effect on FFM in any of the scenarios investigated (p > 0.05). Due to several and important limitations, more detailed analyses are required regarding FFM gain.

The regular practice of physical exercises brings benefits to health, as long as it is done correctly. Therefore, it is essential to know the type of activity practiced and its relationship with the individual's organism, especially regarding the endocrine response. The objective of this study was to investigate the main hormonal axes that act in physical exercises and to understand their different responses according to the type of activity. A literature search was carried out in the Scielo, PubMed, and VHL databases with the combinations "exercise AND hormones", "sports AND endocrine", "endocrine regulation AND exercise", and "endocrine regulation". After analysis, seven studies were selected for the development of this paper. The physical exercises were divided into two modalities - strength and endurance - which vary according to the homeostatic change imposed on the body. The responses were analyzed according to the acting hormonal axis, as follows: hypophysary, by the action of a hormonal cascade; adrenal, catecholamines and cortisol; and pancreatic, represented by insulin and glucagon. This review revealed the modulation of endocrine responses varies whether the activity is one of strength, which relates to anaerobic processes, or endurance, which interacts with the cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is recommended that further studies be conducted on this subject so that the practice of physical exercises suits each individual's uniqueness and may contribute to the prevention and treatment of diseases.

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