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ABSTRACT… Objectives: To note ultrasound findings in patient of Dengue Fever in pediatric age group and to find relation between ultrasonographic findings and severity of disease in terms decrease in platelets. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: August 2017 to Dec 2017. Methodology: Data was collected randomly from 183 patients using pre designed questionnaire by interviewers for biodata, ultrasonography for radiological findings and analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Mean ± standard deviation was calculated for numerical variables like age where as for categorical variables frequency and percentage was calculated. Results: In the study 56.3% were males while 43.7% were recorded as females with mean age of 6.53 ± 3.40 Years. 18.6% showing anti-dengue serology (IgG & IgM) positive while 94.5% subjects showed positive NS-1, in other investigations 87% had thrombocytopenia in different categories with mild > moderate > severe. In the ultrasongraphic findings hepatomegaly and spleenomegaly shared maximum numbers of 28.4% while Ascites 23.5%, Pleural Effusion 7.1% & Gall Bladder thickness 7.1%. A P-Value of ≤0.05 was found when all these ultrasonographic findings were correlated with severity of disease in terms of decrease in numbers of platelets. Conclusion: DEN Virus is common most disease in our part of world. This study shows maximum number of patients with NS-1 shows hepatomegaly and spleenomegaly in ultrasonographic changes and the positive relation has been shown between decrease in platelets count with ultrasonographic findings.Article Citation: Zeb R, Ahmed MS, Zeb J. Dengue fever; ultrasonography of dengue fever patients in paediatric age group "a descriptive study at a tertiary care hospital Peshawar.

Objective: To compare and correlate the strength of motivation for the field of education among public and private dental students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Objective: To assess the author and journal self-citation amongst journals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2021 to July 2021. In total, manuscript published in 10 journals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, either recognized by the Higher Education Commission or Pakistan Medical Commission, in the years 2018 and 2019 were included in the present research. All types of manuscripts were analyzed using a pre-designed data extraction table. Results were extracted, analyzed and appropriate statistics were applied. Results: About 1235 manuscripts published in 68 issues over a period of two years’ time were analyzed. The majority of manuscripts were 1039 (84.1%) original articles followed by case reports 90 (7.3%). Author self-citation came out to be 11.26% and journal self-citation was 6.5%. The same institute’s author affiliation came out to be 40.6%. Conclusion: The trend of author self-citation was found to be high while that of journal self-citation was low when compared with already prevalent literature. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6571 How to cite this:Ahmed MS, Zafar U, Zafar H, Shahid-Ullah M, Khan FA. The menace of self citation: An audit of two years from journals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6571 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Background: Stroke having two major types, is a clinical presentation which presents loss of brain function; risk factors & complications may vary and which ultimately can lead to death Objective: To determine stroke outcome and its association with factors and complications. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study, conducted from Nov 2015 to Aug 2016 at DHQ Teaching Hospital, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat. A pre-designed questionnaire was adopted for data extraction. SPSS 25.0 was used; descriptive and inferential statistics were applied where needed Results: From 100 patients, male were 54% with mean age of 67.48±13.77 years, having 88% Ischemic stroke patients. Hypertension (79%) and family history (39%) were major risk factors while constipation (59%) and aspiration pneumonia (44%) were major complications with in-hospital mortality of 10%. The factors had a higher Prevalence Ratio (PR) for drug abuse (1.330), hypercholesterolemia (1.166), and hypertension (1.036) in ischemic stroke, while in hemorrhagic stroke PR was high for family history (1.918), heart diseases (1.173) and sedentary lifestyle (1.030). In complication, ischemic stroke had a higher PR for constipation (0.996), while hemorrhagic stroke had a higher PR for bed sores (3.286). The results shows an overall mortality of 10% only. Conclusion: The study concluded in-hospital mortality with ischemic stroke more common then hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension and constipation were a prevalent risk factor and complication respectively. Family history, heart diseases, sedentary lifestyle and all complications were associated more with the hemorrhagic stroke while all other risk factors and no complications had a higher association with ischemic stroke.