Icing is one of the main external environmental factors causing loss of control (LOC) in aircraft. To ensure safe flying in icy conditions, modern large aircraft are all fitted with anti-icing systems. Although aircraft anti-icing technology is becoming more sophisticated as research continues to expand and deepen, the scope of protection provided by anti-icing systems based on existing anti-icing technology is still relatively limited, and in practice, it is difficult to avoid flying with ice even when the anti-icing system is switched on. Therefore, it is necessary to consider providing additional safety strategies in addition to the anti-icing system, i.e., to consider icing safety from the aerodynamic, stability, and control points of view during the aircraft design phase, and to build a complete ice-tolerant protection system combining aerodynamic design methods, flight control strategies and implementation equipment. Based on the modern control theory of adaptive control, this paper presents a new method of envelope protection in icing situations based on a case study of icing, which has the advantages of strong real-time performance and good robustness, and has high engineering application value.

Throughout the world, the reliability-based approach to safety design of aircraft systems is quite mature and widely used. However, there are still shortcomings in the reliability-based aircraft system safety analysis method. It cannot dynamically analyze the accident evolution process and lack consideration of the complex situation of multifactor coupling. On the basis of the original aircraft system safety analysis method, this paper innovatively proposes a functional hazard analysis (FHA) method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and multifactor fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA). The purpose is to improve the objectivity and quantification of the FHA method in the safety design of aircraft systems. At the same time, in the terminal airworthiness verification, this paper proposes a repeatable and controllable virtual test flight verification method, which aims to reduce the cost and cycle of the terminal airworthiness verification and expand the coverage of the envelope verification. Finally, combined with the clauses in MIL-HDBK-516B, a case calculation is carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

Icing has now become an important factor endangering flight safety. This paper takes the icing data of the NACA 23012 airfoil as an example, establishes an icing influence model for real-time simulation based on icing time and aircraft angle of attack, and analyzes the influence of different icing geometry on aircraft characteristics. The two-dimensional interpolation method is used to improve the model of the aircraft’s stall area, which is mainly divided into the correction of the lift-drag coefficient linear area and the stall area and the correction of the aircraft stability derivative and the control derivative. The aerodynamic equation of the airplane after icing is established, and the modal analysis of the airplane under different icing conditions is completed through the linearization of the flight equation. The closed-loop simulation system of the altitude holding mode and roll attitude holding mode is used to calculate and analyze the flight quality changes of the aircraft after the wing surface is frozen. The analysis results show that, under icing conditions, in the range of small angles of attack, icing has no obvious influence on the aircraft mode. As the degree of icing increases, the throttle skewness and the negative deflection angle of the airplane’s level flight requirements continue to increase. The case of icing flight in altitude hold and roll hold modes shows that flying in the autopilot mode under severe icing conditions is very dangerous and is prone to cause the aircraft to stall.