Nanoparticles play important role in biotechnology such as food and drug industries. Gold nanoporticles(Au-NPS) have been wdely used in any drug therapies like drug delivery system for cancer, tumor, and diabetes treatment. Recently, Au-NPS have been devoleped to increase drug selectivity between tumor and normal cells. In the present studies, we use the fresh fruit ekstract (FFE) of crescentia cujete L mediated blue green alga for the synthesis of Au-NPS. The characterization of Au-NPS was carried out by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron spectroscopy (TEM). UV-VIS spectrometry indicated formation of nanoparticles which produces an intense absorbance peak at 531 nm. FTIR reveales the functional group involved in reduction and stabilization of Au-NPS. TEM have shown the morphology of Au-NPS with mean size 10,11 nm.

Iron deficiency anemia is a type of anemia caused by iron deficiency, decreasing in the number of healthy red blood cells. The purpose of this study was to make fortified Fe-EDTA and find out the changes in iron availability after cooking (frying and boiling). The biological availability test for iron was carried out in vitro by simulating human digestion using enzyme pepsin and pancreatin-bile solution. The iron variants added were 0, 0.033, 0.066, 0.099, 0.132, and 0.166 % of EDTA iron on 30 grams of raw soybeans to be homemade tempeh. Test results with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) showed that the highest Fe content of 12.54 mg was obtained by adding 0.166% of EDTA iron to raw tempeh. But after cooking, there is a decrease in fried and boiled tempeh. The results obtained from the addition of 0.166% of iron-EDTA are 7.74 mg for fried tempeh, and 8.40 mg for boiled tempeh. The results of the addition of Fe-EDTA 0.166% for raw tempeh and boiled match to the value of daily Fe intake to reduce iron anemia in the amount of 8-15 mg / day according to Recommendation Dietary Allowance (RDA). The addition of 0.166% of Fe-EDTA fortification on dried tempeh, it still has not match to the recommended level.Received: 13 September 2019; Accepted: 30 December 2019; Published: 12 January 2020

Perkembangan teknologi industri di segala sektor semakin menuntut lahirnya perangkat-perangkat yang lebih sederhana, berukuran kecil, dengan bahan murah, tetapi memiliki kemampuan yang sama atau lebih canggih daripada perangkat-perangkat sebelumnya. Tuntutan ini dapat dijawab dengan adanya nanoteknologi. Nanopartikel emas (AuNPs) merupakan bagian dari nanoteknologi yang semakin luas manfaatnya  dalam kehidupan manusia antara lain di bidang lingkungan, biomedis, tekstil, industri elektronika serta energi . Sintesis Au-NPs diawali dengan mereduksi ion Au(III) mengunakan reduktor dari tumbuhan karena lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan bahan anorganik lainnya. Salah satu tumbuhan yang potensial digunakan sebagai bioreduktor adalah daun berenuk (Crescentia cujete Linn) yang melimpah keberadaanya tapi belum banyak dimanfaatkan oleh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh volume bioreduktor terhadap pembentukan AuNPs secara statistik dan ukuran AuNPs menggunakan TEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada volume bioreduktor  tidak berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan AuNPs setelah diolah menggunakan SPSS, mempunyai ukuran rata-rata 11,249 nm dengan bentuk morfologi anisotropik.

Research on drug delivery systems continues to develop, including making the latest formulations on capsule shells as a medium for drug delivery. The effort that has been done was developing non-gelatine drug delivery materials made from the combination of seaweed and cactus. The main component in making gel on seaweed and cactus is the polysaccharide pectin. This study aims to make and determine the characterization of capsule shells from a combination of seaweed and cactus. Capsule shells are made from a combination of pectin extracts from seaweed and cactus with 5 different ratios of 0:4 (A), 1:3 (B), 2:2 (C), 3:1 (D), and 4:0 (E). The characterization involved weight uniformity test, disintegration time test, water swelling test, and dissolution test. Pectin from green seaweed and koboi cactus weighed 235 g and 75 g. The capsule shell weights based on Farmakope Indonesia sixth edition were 307.2, 311.6, 309.7, 304.6, and 308.7 mg. The capsule shell disintegration times, based on Farmakope Indonesia sixth edition, 2020, were 15,16, 14, 21, and 12 minutes, and the best result of the water swelling test was C capsule (2:2) of 666.7%. The results of the capsule shell dissolution test showed that the reduction of the capsule shells did not exceed 10% for 30 minutes according to the Farmakope Indonesia sixth edition. The capsule shells made from a combination of seaweed and cactus can be used as material in drug delivery systems. Non-gelatinized capsule shell which is expected to have anti-inflammatory activity.

Drug delivery system is a system that describes the journey of a drug to its target location. The main component of the drug delivery system is gelatin. The leaves of grass jelly-seaweed are needed as a raw material for gelatin. The main component of gelling agents in grass jelly leaves and seaweed is a low-methoxy pectin polysaccharide. Pectin from previous study is used as a synthesis material for hard capsule shells with the addition of other ingredients, which are Na-CMC, sorbitol, and water. The characterization results of capsule shells with variations in the composition of grass jelly-seaweed leaves 0: 4, 1: 3, 2: 2, 3: 1, and 4: 0 (A, B, C, D and E) have a disolving time of 12 minutes 45 seconds; 15 minutes 53 seconds; 23 minutes 10 seconds; 15 minutes 35 seconds and 18 minutes 12 seconds. The swelling degree test each of 200%; 266,7%; 303.3%; 586.7% and 643.3%. Furthermore, the shells of grass jelly-seaweed leaf capsules were tested for their material performance in the cefadroxyl disolving test with variations in sampling time of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Keywords: Cefadroxyl, Drug delivery system, Green grass jelly leaves, Non-gelatin capsules, Seaweed