The effects of two different procedures for reducing elevator energy use were assessed using a multiple-baseline design. In the first procedure, feedback about the amount of energy consumed by the elevators each week was posted on each elevator door. Later, signs advocating the use of stairs to save energy and improve health were posted next to the feedback signs. In the second procedure, the time required to travel between floors was increased by adding a delay to the elevator door closing mechanisms. Results indicated that neither feedback alone nor feedback plus educational signs reduced the amount of energy consumed by the elevators. However, use of the door delay reduced consumption by one-third in all elevators.A second experiment replicated the effect of the door delay on energy consumption and, in addition, demonstrated that the door delay also produced a reduction in the number of persons using the elevator. The second experiment also showed that, following an initial period during which a full delay was in effect, a gradual reduction of the delay interval resulted in continued energy conservation. Reduced convenience as a general strategy for energy conservation is discussed.

Two heat-pipe test articles were fabricated and tested, furthering the development of a refractory-composite/heatpipe-cooled leading edge. A 3-ft-long, molybdenum-rhenium heat pipe with lithium working uid was fabricated and tested in a vacuum chamber at an operating temperature of 2460 ± F, verifying the heat-pipe design. Following the fabrication of the initial heat pipe, three additional heat pipes were fabricated and embedded in carbon/carbon. The carbon/carbon heat-pipe test article was successfully tested using quartz lamps in a vacuum chamber in both horizontal and vertical orientations. Startup and steady-state data indicated similar operation in both orientations but different behavior among the three heat pipes. Radiography and eddy current evaluations were performed on the test article and indicated differing carbon/carbon thicknesses and a potential disbond.Nomenclature d = artery diameter, in. m = mass of lithium in heat pipe, lb P = pressure, psi q = heat ux, Btu/s q 00 = heat ux per area, Btu/ft 2 -s r = radius, in. T = temperature, ± F t = time, s V = voltage, V x = distance from end of carbon/carbon, in.

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A leading-edge-shaped heat pipe was successfully fabricated and tested.

hnprovements have been made to the THROHPUT code which models transient thermohydraulic heat pipe behavior. The original code was developed as a doctoral thesis research code by Hall. The current emphasis has been shifted from research into the numerical modeling to the development of a robust production code. Several modeling obstacles that were present in the original code have been eliminated, and several additional features have been added.