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In the biological world, species are known to ensure survival by introducing variations among individuals of the species, some of which may have superior survival characteristics in the event of certain environmental changes. While not precisely equivalent, networked computer systems also must 'survive' in a rapidly changing environment. In particular, as with its biological analog there are predators in the network world that must be thwarted.This paper shows that in the macro-, as well as in the microsenses, system diversity is an important tool for network survivability. A malware attack on the Internet can have serious implications for many nodes but is unlikely to cross operating system or server application boundaries and thus to entirely disrupt the heterogeneous Internet.Individual networks that attach to the Internet can be developed using layers of servers, each with a different hardware and/or software basis, to isolate core servers from networked malefactors. Such a topology requires an attacker to employ a wide range of exploits, different ones tailored to each system at each protective layer of systems. This paper demonstrates how the layering technique protects networked systems.

What I mean to demonstrate in this essay is the way in which early public service broadcasting developed as an extension of Christian pastoral guidance. Understood thus, early broadcasting can be seen to function as a socio-religious technology whose rationale was to give direction to practical conduct and attempt to hold individuals to it. The significance of this is that Christian utterance was a broadcasting activity to which the BBC, and its first Director-General particularly, John Reith, ascribed special importance. The BBC was determined to provide what it thought was for the moral good of the greater majority. In spite of overwhelming criticism from the listening public and secular public opinion, the BBC was unswerving in its commitment to the centrality of Christianity in the national culture. By the end of the 1930s the 'Reithian Sunday' was among the most enduring and controversial of the BBCs inter-war practices. IntroductionIn the entrance of Broadcasting House is a statue by the well-known sculptor, Eric Gill, depicting The Sower casting his seed abroad. Though the act of sowing is nowadays commonly associated with primitive farming methods, the iconography of the sower was in fact used to illustrate a well-known parable from the New Testament (Matthew 13; Mark 4; Luke 8). For just as Jesus told his disciples that the farmer goes out to sow his seed in order to yield a crop, so too do the agencies of religion sow the word of God in order that, 'He who has ears to hear, let him hear'. Ideally casting abroad the word of God would have the effect of seed sown on good soil, and produce a crop 'thirty, sixty or even a hundred times what was sown'. However, just as the farmer is likely to cast seed on ground that will not yield any crop, so too will the word of God fall on deaf ears or ears that, 'As soon as they hear it, Satan comes and takes away the word that was sown in them'. In other words, the problem with communication as arbitrary dissemination is that the sender, to quote Peters (2000, 35), 'has no control over the harvest''. Though Bailey, 'He Who Has Ears to Hear, Let Him Hear'… 5 the farmer can act from a distance by making his expertise available in the form of instruction, once scattered, it is the recipient's responsibility, ultimately, to nurture and cultivate the cast seed through to fruition.Above the sculpture of The Sower is a high-minded Latin inscription, which translates as follows:This Temple of the Arts and Muses is dedicated to Almighty God by the first Governors of Broadcasting in the year 1931, Sir John Reith being the Director General. It is their prayer that good seed sown may bring forth a good harvest, that all things hostile to peace or purity may be abolished from this house and that the people, inclining their ear to whatsoever things are beautiful and honest and of good report, may tread the path of wisdom and uprightness. (Quoted in Briggs 1981, 146) What is clear from the above passage and the parable of the sower is the extent to which the early BBC und...