testing, and implementation, (2) serve as a communication vehicle for reader comments on vanous articles, book reviews, etc and (3) wherever possible, summanze the results of other meetings which have dealt with tounsm and recreationThe purpose of this section is to carry shorter articles and short notes on pilot studies, innovative or exploratory research It is hoped that this section will (1) introduce new research techniques and result in greater experimentation, 37 Most state travel offices conduct promotional campaigns in which viewers of magazine advertisements can detach a coupon from the advertisement and mail it in along with their names and addresses. In return, the travel office sends a package of brochures and travel information on the state's attractions and features. The most common method of research on the effectiveness of such advertising programs is referred to as a coupon conversion study. It is a follow-up survey to determine what percentage of inquiries visited the state after viewing the advertisement and receiving the travel information, where they stayed, and how much they spent. Under the leadership of Arch Woodside and David Reid, South Carolina has become a forerunner in developing this approach, as recognized by Muha of the U.S. Travel Data Center.' Woodside and Reid presented their technique in the Journal in the spring of 1974.~ Though the approach is logical and legitimately employed by several states, the process has four serious weaknesses that warrant further refinement in the methodology.A weakness cited by Mak et al' with regard to recall surveys in general and by Muha with regard to Woodside and Reid's conversion survey in particular is:A problem with this procedure is the accuracy of expenditures reported by the respondents. Recall time for accurately reporting expenditures may be very short. In fact, in certain types of traveler expenditures, such as the use of a credit card, the traveler may never be able to accurately report any or all of his travel expenses. In the case of many of the surveys, the time from when the trip was completed to when the questionnaire was filled out was a matter of months or even a year. Therefore, there could be substantial bias in reported expenditures ...' I As discussed by Mak et al., a possible solution to this problem is the use of the diary technique in which visitors to a state are offered a financial incentive to keep a daily record of expenditures. The diary can be Michael J. Ellerbrock is an Assistant Professor, Food turned in at a welcome center or travel office at the end of the trip. The study of Mak et al. empirically tested the relationship between data from recall surveys and diaries and found that survey respondents tend to underestimate their expenditures. Their findings were significant at the 1 % level. It is suggested in this comment that states employ both techniques and use the diary keepers as a control group from which to weight the expenditure figures reported by the larger group of survey respondents.However, Woodsi...

The Natural Resources Leadership Institute (NRLI), a leadership development program for capacity building in environmental decision making, cultivates a cadre of leaders who address environmental problems collaboratively and creatively. Describing our theory of change model, this article introduces why and how the NRLI works, the theoretical perspectives that support the NRLI, and the outcomes that result when these theories are put into practice in North Carolina and Virginia.

As an instrument of economic development, tourism is a highly competitive industry intranationally and internationally. Its primary economic impacts are the generation of revenues and employment. Mensurational problems complicate analysis of tourism, e.g., separating the impacts on employment of business-related versus recreational travel.The study analyzes the influence of various factors on the level of travel employment by state. Employment figures are seasonally adjusted to allow valid comparison of states. Identifying the variables that correspond with high levels of travel employment may explain regional variations in such employment. It may also help distinguish between states with high rates of business-related travel employment versus true tourism employment. The study also examines the effectiveness of states' promotional advertising expenditures in generating employment. A multiple linear regression model is used for the statistical analysis.

As an appointed member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Environmental Justice Advisory Council (NEJAC), Ellerbrock meets with local stakeholders and participates in public hearings across the nation in which poor and minority communities suffer disproportionally from chemical exposure, pollution incidents and aesthetic degradation. In this paper, we begin by looking at what three core disciplines-economics, ecology and ecumenism-have in common. Often perceived today as philosophic enemies, the disciplines have common roots in the ancient Greek notion of a household-oikos. Integrating the roots of economics, ecology and ecumenism reveals a tri-partite household that must be managed in harmony for it to be sustainable. In light of violent conflicts (historical and current) over economic resources, political worldviews and religious values, ecumenism is a critical factor aimed at mutual understanding, respect and collaboration among diverse groups. Locally and globally, true peace is more than the absence of conflict/war. A key component of quality of life, Environmental Justice (EJ) is a necessary, though not sufficient, condition for sustainable development.

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