Objectives: To investigate the association between lean psoas cross-sectional area (CSA) and 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly patients sustaining pelvic and long bone fractures.Design: Retrospective cohort.Setting: Level I trauma center.Patients: Elderly trauma patients admitted from 2007 to 2014. Methods:We reviewed demographic and clinical data, injury mechanism, fracture OTA/AO classification, and mortality. Axial computed tomography images were used to measure lean psoas CSA at the L3-L4 disk space. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate 1-year mortality association with psoas CSA in crude and adjusted for age, body mass index, Injury Severity Score, medical comorbidities, and discharge destination in total population and stratified by sex.Main Outcome Measurement: One-year all-cause mortality defined as death within 12 months from date of hospitalization.Results: Five hundred fifty-eight patients (54% female, 46% male) were analyzed. The pelvis was most commonly fractured (37.81%). A statistically significant association was observed between decreased lean psoas CSA and 1-year mortality in total population {hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90-0.96], P , 0.0001}. Stratification by gender revealed a statistically significant mortality HR in male patients [HR = 0.89 (95% CI = 0.84-0.96), P = 0.002]. We did not find a statistically significant mortality HR in female patients [HR = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.89-1.01), P = 0.103]. Conclusions:In this cohort of elderly orthopaedic trauma patients, decreased lean psoas CSA was associated with increased 1-year allcause mortality in total population and males. Further investigation of the association of sarcopenia with mortality in the elderly is warranted.

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Case: We describe a preliminary report of 3 cases of ulnar neuropathy after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and treatment with intermittent prone positioning. Conclusion: Ulnar neuropathy may be associated with recent COVID-19 infection. The natural process of the disease and intermittent prone positioning are likely risk factors contributing to this finding. Conservative management seems to lead to improvement of symptoms.

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