Two different polymerization techniques, microwave-assisted polymerization and free radical solution polymerization, were utilized in the syntheses of superabsorbent polymers with varying amounts of acrylic acid (31-50%). Degrees of neutralization were in the range of 68-80 mol %, and clay level was varied between 0 and 5%. The base polymer produced with microwave-assisted polymerization had higher absorbency under low load (0.3 psi) than those with the free radical solution polymerization. To improve its absorbency under higher loads (0.6 and 0.9 psi), the surface coating step was implemented by using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as a surface crosslinking agent. Properties such as capacity, permeability, and absorbency under different loads were tested in 0.9% sodium chloride solution for the base and the surface-coated polymers. In addition, extractables and residual acrylic acid were measured to determine the reaction's efficiency. In conclusion, surface coating improved polymer properties, and the incorporation of clay imparted permeability to the polymer.

Microwave-assisted polymerization was used as a promising technique to synthesize superabsorbent polymers. A small amount of thermal initiator was used to initiate the reaction, and the polymer's properties were evaluated at acid levels of 31-50% and degrees of neutralization of 68-75 mol %. The polymers were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, and properties such as the capacity and absorbency under a load were measured in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. In addition, the extractable and residual acrylic acid contents were measured to determine the reaction's efficiency. In conclusion, the synthesis of the superabsorbent polymer via microwave heating reduced the time and cost of production and improved the physical properties of the polymer.