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Non-repeatered undersea lightwave transmission links, whose signals don't require periodic amplification or regeneration, have historically = As part of larger, undersea networks that use repeaters, and = In domestic non-repeatered systems installed either between islands or With the world's transoceanic cable network rapidly expanding into a global undersea network-and transoceanic systems connected to regional systems, which are then connected to domestic systems-the market is moving towards an increased percentage of shor t-haul, nonrepeatered systems. This paper discusses: -The technologies and products AT&T Submarine Systems, Inc. (AT&T-= Future trends in non-repeatered technology and system design, and -Actual and planned system deployment of undersea optical cable Michael M. Sanders been looping a shoreline.SSI) is developing for this market, throughout the world.Advances in optical ampliiier technol-increased reliability, compatibility with terrestrial systems, upgradability, lower cost, and simpler maintenance. As a result, these systems are now competitive with other transmission systems, including domestic land-based networks, regional radio networks, satellite links, and undersea repeatered links. The developing technologies to support this rapidly evolving and competitive non-repeatered market provide new insights into optical transmission theory, and offer developers significant challenges to increase product performance, decrease cost, and improve delivery schedules. Non-repeatered Design and ArchitectureNon-repeatered systems have a few unique requirements, above and beyond the standard undersea system requirements for high performance, reliable transmission, and

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fiuklL. -Mrtma burden for this collection of Information « estimated to average Uour per response, Including the time tor reviewing instructions, searching existing data souroes, gathenng andmaintainins| the data %S^dS^Sof information. Send^rnents r^ard^this burdenerfnat. or any o*« aspectofthis »tecdon ^^^i™^^^^^^^ burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188). Washington, DC 20503 AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) REPORT DATE September 1999 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Annual (01 Sep 98 -31 Aug 99) TITLE AND SUBTITLE Regulation of the Multidrag Resistance-Associated Protein Gene by Estrogen AUTHOR(S)Michel Sanders, PhD. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 5 5 4 5 5 -1226 e-mail: sande0001@tmc.iunn.edu An observation was made that the mRNAs for two clones, #41 and #44, were rapidly repressed by estrogen in chick oviduct. Clone #44 shared sequence homology with members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (mrp) gene family. This raised the question of whether the multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotype in breast cancer may be in part due to the loss of repression of MRP expression by estrogen when antiestrogens are administered. The goals of this last year where to complete the identification of clone #41, to ascertain whether human mrp gene expression is repressed by estrogen, and to determine whether estrogen is acting at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. All but the first of these goals has been met, and a manuscript describing the work in chick is in review. These results have considerable significance in light of two recent reports that indicate that MRP mRNA is highly expressed in primary breast cancers, particularly those with poor prognosis. Our observations raise the possibility that one or more of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) may be useful in treating those resistant cancers. Where copyrighted material is quoted, permission has been obtained to use such material. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)U SUBJECT TERMS Breast Cancer SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT UnclassifiedWhere material from documents designated for limited distribution is quoted, permission has been obtained to use the material.Citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations.In conducting research using animals, the investigator(s) adhered to the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," prepared by the Committee on Care and use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Resources, national Research Council (NIH Publication No. 86-23, Revised 1985). JFor the protection of human subjects, the investigator(s) adhered to policies of applicable Federal Law 45 ...

fiuklL. -Mrtma burden for this collection of Information « estimated to average Uour per response, Including the time tor reviewing instructions, searching existing data souroes, gathenng andmaintainins| the data %S^dS^Sof information. Send^rnents r^ard^this burdenerfnat. or any o*« aspectofthis »tecdon ^^^i™^^^^^^^ burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188). Washington, DC 20503 AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) REPORT DATE September 1999 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Annual (01 Sep 98 -31 Aug 99) TITLE AND SUBTITLE Regulation of the Multidrag Resistance-Associated Protein Gene by Estrogen AUTHOR(S)Michel Sanders, PhD. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 5 5 4 5 5 -1226 e-mail: sande0001@tmc.iunn.edu An observation was made that the mRNAs for two clones, #41 and #44, were rapidly repressed by estrogen in chick oviduct. Clone #44 shared sequence homology with members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (mrp) gene family. This raised the question of whether the multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotype in breast cancer may be in part due to the loss of repression of MRP expression by estrogen when antiestrogens are administered. The goals of this last year where to complete the identification of clone #41, to ascertain whether human mrp gene expression is repressed by estrogen, and to determine whether estrogen is acting at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. All but the first of these goals has been met, and a manuscript describing the work in chick is in review. These results have considerable significance in light of two recent reports that indicate that MRP mRNA is highly expressed in primary breast cancers, particularly those with poor prognosis. Our observations raise the possibility that one or more of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) may be useful in treating those resistant cancers. Where copyrighted material is quoted, permission has been obtained to use such material. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)U SUBJECT TERMS Breast Cancer SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT UnclassifiedWhere material from documents designated for limited distribution is quoted, permission has been obtained to use the material.Citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations.In conducting research using animals, the investigator(s) adhered to the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," prepared by the Committee on Care and use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Resources, national Research Council (NIH Publication No. 86-23, Revised 1985). JFor the protection of human subjects, the investigator(s) adhered to policies of applicable Federal Law 45 ...