Considered one of the most important diseases in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (LIB. DE BARY), Ss, is the topic of studies in various parts of the world. The present work aimed to use the method of inoculation on leaf axils, to evaluate the virulence of three Ss isolates in common bean plantlets, in a greenhouse. The severity of the disease was evaluated with the help of a scale of grades from 1 to 9, based on the length of the lesions observed seven days after inoculation of the fungus. Joint analysis of the data revealed that isolates CEN1147 and CEN969 were the most virulent. The results obtained in this work allowed us to select isolates with good levels of pathogenicity for use in experiments that aim to control white mold on the common bean crop. However, due to high variation on the length of the lesions observed the method of leaf axils and scale of grades resorted were not considered appropriate in assessing the virulence of the pathogen isolates in question. Key words: White mold, Phaseolus vulgaris L., variety BRS Estilo Virulência de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ao feijoeiro comum utilizando o método de inoculação nas axilas foliares ResumoConsiderado como uma das doenças mais importantes para o feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), o mofo branco causado por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (LIB. DE BARY), Ss, é tema de estudos em várias partes do mundo. O presente trabalho objetivou utilizar o método de inoculação das axilas foliares para avaliar a virulência de três isolados de Ss a plântulas de feijoeiro comum, em casa de vegetação. A severidade da doença foi avaliada com auxílio de escala de notas de 1-9, baseada no comprimento das lesões observadas, sete dias após a inoculação do fungo. A análise conjunta dos dados revelou que os isolados CEN1147 e CEN969 foram os mais virulentos. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitiram selecionar isolados com bons níveis de patogenicidade para uso em experimentos que visam controlar o mofo branco na cultura do feijoeiro. Entretanto, devido à alta variação no comprimento das lesões observadas, o método de inoculação nas axilas foliares e a escala de notas empregada não foram considerados adequados na avaliação da virulência dos isolados do patógeno em questão. Palavras chave: Mofo-branco, Phaseolus vulgaris L., variedade BRS EstiloApplied Research & Agrotechnology v8 n1 jan/apr. (2015) 76 Print-ISSN 1983-6325 (On line) e-ISSN 1984 Virulencia de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum al frijol común utilizando el método de inoculación en las axilas foliares ResumenConsiderada como una de las enfermedades más importantes para el frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), el moho blanco causado por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (LIB. DE BARY), Ss, es sujeto de estudios en diversas partes del mundo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo utilizar el método de inoculación de las axilas de las hojas para evaluar la virulencia de tres aislados de Ss a las plántulas de frijol, en invernadero. La severidad de la enfermedad fue evaluada con un...

Pinus taeda is cultivated in different regions of the world under different climatic conditions. The research was carried out aimed to evaluate the influence of climatic variables on the radial increment of growth rings in Pinus taeda L. trees. The evaluations were carried out on trees grown in Guarapuava, southern central region of Paraná state, Brazil. The half-yearly increments of growth rings were measured separately in autumn and spring. Nine climatic variables were considered and used factorial analysis to identify possible influences on the development of growth rings. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate increment data in semiannual periods and longitudinal statistical analysis to evaluate the increment of the rings over different years. It has been found that this species presents radial increment of growth rings benefited by higher temperature and rainfall indices in the growing season itself or in period immediately preceding.

With the sanction of the Law number 10.267 for the use of georeferencing in topographic applications, which seeks to establish the technical precepts applicable to services of land surveying, aiming the characterization and georeferencing of rural properties through topographic survey, and posterior certification by the INCRA, the new law of georeferencing has as its main objective to standardize the studies of land surveying. According to the new law, the coordinates to be used for this goal are expressed only in the planimetric form, considering as valuables the plan-rectangular coordinates X and Y, that is, its longitude and latitude, discarding the coordinate Z, altitude. The present study found the possibility of using this coordinate Z, the altitude acquired without extra efforts in georeferencing surveys, for a possible new digital model and consequent edition of new planialtimetric charts, especially for regions where such charts are only available in small scales.