Unsaturated fatty acids is the key block of cellular membranes, they determine the specificity of high-differentiated cells and are the precursors of eicosanoid synthesis (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes). A marked antiinflammatory, antisclerotic, antiarrhythmic, anticoagulant, neuroprotective and other effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, established in biochemical and experimental studies, stimulated implementation of a large number of epidemiological and clinical investigations. Successful application of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiology, neurology and other fields of therapy focuses on such spheres as obstetrics and gynecology.