Traditional definitions of migration contain implicit assumptions: origin and destination places are fixed residences, households inhabit one residence at any given time, and dwelling units form the center of individual activity spaces. Though these assumptions hold for certain movers, they restrict migration studies to a narrow range of movement. It is argued here that such assumptions bias present notions of migrant behavior and selectivity. A more realistic appraisal might consider integration in sets of spatial networks rather than movement between two discrete points in space.
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Changing demographics, low Latino graduation rates, and changes to education fundingnationally and locally-challenge society to develop innovative strategies to navigate transformations affecting public education. This article presents findings from a collaborative community-engaged evaluation of a dropout prevention program for at-risk male Latino students. Our mixed-methods evaluation finds that the program has had a positive overall impact on its participants. In particular, program participation was associated with an overall rise in grade point averages, fewer failing grades, and a higher probability of graduation, compared to nonparticipants. With respect to behavioral changes, attendance was not improved over the period of program involvement; however, the number of behavioral referrals decreased dramatically. In addition, students and staff members reported that the program enhanced the students' academic and career attitudes and aspirations. This work reveals the value of innovative programs and targeted interventions outside the classroom for at-risk students.
The “German Demographic Challenge”—an aging society, low birth rates, a falling population size, and a shrinking working-age population—also affects less tangible facets of Germany’s future because these issues may have implications for how Germans see themselves and how they define themselves as a nation-state. This paper explores the complex relationships between national identity, migration, and other population processes in the German context. One consequence of the demographic challenge, acting in concert with immigration, is that the German population will become more diverse over time. Perhaps the more difficult challenge will be how Germany comes to terms with itself given the population changes it will experience. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006Germany, Demographic challenge, National identity, Immigration,
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