Current shortages in COVID-19 vaccine production and distribution have led some experts to suggest untested regimens. 1 Persons who have had COVID-19 are thought to have protective immunity and memory responses 2 for at least 6 months; however, neither recall responses nor ideal vaccine dosing regimens have been studied in those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. We assessed whether health care workers with previous COVID-19 infection could mount recall responses to a single dose of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. Methods | Health care workers who had previously enrolled in a hospital-wide serosurvey study, 3 conducted from July to August 2020 at the University of Maryland Medical Center, were randomly contacted based on stratification into 3 groups: SARS-CoV-2 IgG-antibody negative (Ab-negative); IgG-positive asymptomatic COVID-19 (asymptomatic); and IgG-positive with history of symptomatic COVID-19 (symptomatic). Participants were vaccinated with either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine, depending on personal preference and availability. Blood was drawn at days 0 (baseline), 7, and 14 postvaccination in December 2020 and January 2021 (draws could be within 1 day from assigned day). Plasma was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG to spike trimer, which was modified from an assay 4 to give a readout of half-maximal binding titers. The reciprocal half-maximal binding titers represent

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Photography has been commonly used as a research tool in studies of childhood/children. However images of school children in official documentation are rarely taken or chosen by children and may not reflect their real experiences. This research considered the photographs taken by year six primary school children of their school and the images they chose to represent themselves. Subsequent interviews with children revealed attitudes to school, the importance of playground relationships in the construction of gender, leading to the concept of 'borderlands' inhabited by some boys who adopt non-hegemonic masculinities.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine shortages have led some experts and countries to consider untested dosing regimens. We studied antibody responses to a single dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines in healthcare workers (HCW) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection and compared to them to antibody responses of HCW who were IgG negative to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. HCW with prior COVID-19 showed clear secondary antibody responses to vaccination with IgG spike binding titers rapidly increasing by 7 days and peaking by days 10 and 14 post-vaccination. At all time points tested, HCW with prior COVID-19 infection showed statistically significant higher antibody titers of binding and functional antibody compared to HCW without prior COVID-19 infection (p<.0001for each of the time points tested). In times of vaccine shortage, and until correlates of protection are identified, our findings preliminarily suggest the following strategy as more evidence-based: a) a single dose of vaccine for patients already having had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19; and b) patients who have had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 can be placed lower on the vaccination priority list.

Please tell me the day of the week 2: Please tell me the months of the year backward, say December as your first month MISSED MONTHIf participant finished reciting months but missed one or more, it is incorrect and no prompting is allowed. STUCKPrompt only with: "what month comes before __________ (last month they said)?"Prompt up to two times; if after 2 prompts participant is frustrated, confused, or taking a long time, mark it incorrect and offer them an exit such as, "that's a tough one, you're doing well… let's try the next question." WRONG TYPE OF ANSWERIf the participant begins at November, starts forward, or begins spelling, assume they don't understand the question and re-read the instructions once. If the participant is incorrect again, mark it as incorrect but let them finish.The participant can check anywhere (e.g., white board, newspaper, etc.), but cannot ask anyone else in the room.