RESUMO:A cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito (CAVD) é uma doença miocárdica hereditária comumente observada no Boxer adulto, caracterizada pela substituição dos cardiomiócitos do ventrículo direito (VD) por tecido fibroadiposo, gerando áreas propensas à formação de arritmias ventriculares, que podem culminar em morte súbita. Devido aos avanços no mapeamento genético em cães domésticos, pode-se concluir que os Boxers são acometidos pela CAVD de maneira similar ao que ocorre em seres humanos, e, portanto, são considerados um modelo animal natural para o estudo da CAVD na espécie humana. Não há um teste de diagnóstico único e específico para CAVD, portanto, em Medicina Veterinária o diagnóstico baseia-se na presença de uma combinação de achados, que podem incluir presença de taquiarritmia ventricular sem outras causas documentáveis para a arritmia, síncope e histórico familiar de CAVD. O tratamento é direcionado à redução da frequência e complexidade da arritmia ventricular, e sotalol e/ou mexiletine são os antiarrítmicos mais comumente prescritos, bem como o ômega 3 advindo do óleo de peixe. Entretanto, não é sabido se o tratamento em cães assintomáticos está associado à melhores prognósticos. Embora alguns cães acometidos apresentem morte súbita ou desenvolvam insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, muitos deles têm arritmias ventriculares controláveis por antiarrítmicos e vivem uma vida normal. Algumas características dos complexos ventriculares prematuros, tais como polimorfismo e taquicardia ventricular, além da presença de sinais clínicos, e disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda e direita estão associados à piores prognósticos.Palavras-chave: arritmia; arritmogênese; eletrocardiografia; Holter; prognóstico ABSTRACT: The arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited myocardial disease commonly observed in the adult Boxer, characterized by the replacement of right ventricle (RV) cardiomyocytes by fibrofatty tissue, what generate areas prone to the formation of ventricular arrhythmias, which may culminate in sudden death. Due to advances in genetic mapping in domestic dogs, it could be concluded that Boxers are affected by ARVC in a closed related way to human beings, and therefore are considered a natural animal model for the study of human ARVC. There is not a single and specific diagnostic test for ARVC, thus, in veterinary practice the diagnosis is best based on a combination of findings, which may include the presence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia with no other documented causes for the arrhythmia, as well as syncope, and family history to ARCV. Treatment is directed to decrease the occurrence and the complexity of the ventricular arrhythmias , and sotalol and/or mexiletine are the antiarrhythmics most commonly prescribed, as well as omega 3 from fish oil. However, it is unknown if the treatment on an asymptomatic dog prolongs survival. Although some affected dogs show sudden death or develop congestive heart failure, many of them have ventricular arrhythmias that are ...

Boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) can experience sudden cardiac death regardless of presence/absence of clinical signs. The aims of this retrospective study were two-fold: 1) to investigate the coupling interval (CI) and prematurity index (PI) of ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and the heart rate variability (HRV) in Boxers, and 2) to evaluate their impact on overall survival time. The first 24-hour Holter 36 client-owned Boxer dogs meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were evaluated for the number, morphology, site of origin, complexity, CI and PI, of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), and time domain HRV. The effect on survival was assessed, considering the presence/absence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), and syncope. All-cause mortality was considered as the end-point, with median survival times being obtained by Kaplan-Meier analyses and compared by log-rank test. Polymorphic VPCs were more common in symptomatic dogs than asymptomatic. VPCs in dogs with VT were less premature, due to the influence of heart rate on PI despite comparable CI. The PI and mean heart rate (HRme) were significantly different between VT and non-VT dogs but did not discriminate adequately between groups as standalone tests. Median survival time was shorter in Boxer dogs with VT (463 vs 1645 days, HR: 4.31, P=0.03). The HRV parameters, SDNN and SDANN, were both associated with prognosis. The CI and PI were not demonstrated to be prognostic surrogates in Boxer dogs with VA. HRme≥112bpm is 100% sensitive but only 46% specific for detecting VT in Boxers on the 24-hour Holter. Presence of VT, SDNN≤245ms, or SDANN≤134ms at the time of the first 24-hour Holter was associated with a shorter survival.

Electrocardiographic markers have been used in people to classify arrhythmogenic risk. The aims of this study were to investigate electrocardiographic markers of conduction and repolarization in Boxers and non-Boxer dogs, and compare such findings between groups. Ten-lead standard electrocardiograms of Boxer dogs and non-Boxers recorded from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs ≥4 years of age and weighing >20kg were included. Animals with valvular insufficiencies, congenital cardiopathies, cardiac dilation, suspected systolic dysfunction, biphasic T-wave, bundle branch blocks, and those receiving antiarrhythmics were excluded. Electrocardiographic markers of conduction, QRS duration (QRSd) and dispersion (QRSD), and repolarization (corrected QT interval, Tpeak-Tend, JT and JTpeak), as well as derived indices, were measured. Two hundred dogs met the inclusion/exclusion requirements, including 97 Boxers (8.1±2.5 years old; 30±7kg) and 103 non-Boxer (8.8±2.5 years old, 30±8kg). QRSd and QRSD, and repolarization markers in lead II and left precordial lead V4 were considered similar between groups. Dispersion of late repolarization on lead rV2, Tpeak-Tend interval, was considered longer in Boxers (45±8ms vs 38±10ms, P=0.01). The Tpeak-Tend/JTpeak and the JTpeak/JT also differed between groups. Our results indicate that the dispersion of myocardial late repolarization in lead rV2 is slower in Boxers than other dog breeds.

RESUMO Corpos Estranhos Esofágicos são objetos que levam à obstrução parcial ou total do lúmen esofágico, tendo como principais causas das obstruções ossos deglutidos, principalmente por cães. Eles se alojam no esôfago por terem seu diâmetro maior que a luz do órgão ou por possuírem arestas afiadas. Relatou-se o caso de um cão que deu entrada ao Hospital Veterinário "Governador Laudo Natel" da UNESP Câmpus de Jaboticabal, apresentando engasgos e hiporexia. Após exames radiográficos simples foi constatada a presença de corpo estranho em porção torácica do esôfago do paciente. O objeto foi deslocado para o estômago e retirado, por meio de gastrotomia. O relato tem objetivo de mostrar que, com uma simples e cuidadosa manobra realizada, pode se evitar a toracotomia para retirada de corpo estranho em esôfago torácico, procedimento com maiores chances de complicações trans e pós-operatórias. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: canino, obstrução esofágica, osso MANAGEMENT OF THORACIC ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODY IN DOG-CASE REPORT ABSTRACT Esophageal Foreign Bodies are objects that lead to partial or total obstruction of the esophageal lumen, the main causes of bone obstructions swallowed, mainly dogs. They are lodged in the esophagus for having its larger diameter than the light of the body or having sharp edges. the case was reported of a dog who was admitted to the