No abstract

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of partial least squares (PLS) has been optimized for rapid determination of lard in a binary mixture with palm oil in a cosmetic lotion formulation. Lard, palm oil, and a binary mixture were extracted from matrix samples using liquid-liquid extraction, evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator, and the fat/oil yielded was further subjected to FTIR spectrometric measurement using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) as a sampling handling technique. The level of lard in the mixture with palm oil in the lotion formulation was quantified at frequency region of 1,200-1,000 cm -1 . The PLS calibration model reveals good correlation between the actual value of lard (x-axis) and the FTIR predicted value (y-axis) with a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of [0.99. Furthermore, the classification between lotions with and without lard in their formulation was performed using principal component analysis using the same frequency region used for quantification. The developed method was subsequently used for analysis of cosmetic lotions commercially available in the market. All samples analyzed did not contain lard in their formulations.

The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the effectiveness of career guidance services based on life skill problem solving techniques to increase entrepreneurship in students; (2) To find out how the entrepreneurship motivation of students after being given career guidance services based on life skills; (3) To find out whether there is an effect of life skill-based career guidance services to increase the entrepreneurship motivation of students; (4) To find out whether life skill-based career guidance services are effective in increasing the entrepreneurship motivation of students. This research is quantitative by reviewing journals and textbooks related to the researched field. This research is quantitative by examining data from sampling by random sample based population at Ponpes Al Mawaddah Kudus. The steps to determine the effectiveness of career guidance for students with five times of treatment and one post test without control group. The phase of this research include: (1) Observation (2) data collection (3) data analysis using an independent sample T Test (t-test) formula using SPSS version 17.0 assistance. The results of data analysis using the Independent Smaple T Test (t-test) formula using the help of SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) version 17 shows that there is an effective life skills-based career guidance to improve student entrepreneurship at Al-Mawaddah Entrepreneur Islamic Boarding School. The increase was obtained by the average data of the control class and the experimental class. The pretest data of the control class showed an average score of 89, the experimental class with an average score of 114 with a difference of 25 and increased in a positive direction.

Background: The primary causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia are hemorrhage (32%), preeclampsia/ eclampsia (25%), infection (5%), prolonged labor (5%), abortus (1%), and other causal factors not related to pregnancy and birth delivery (32%). This study aimed to investigate risk factors of post partum hemorrhage in Bondowoso, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. This study was conducted in Bondowoso, East Java, from May, 15 to June, 15, 2016. A total of 90 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 30 women with post-partum bleeding and 60 control women without post-partum bleeding. The dependent variable was post-partum hemorrhage. The independent variables were age, parity, hemoglobin, obstetric history, antenatal care (ANC), and type of birth attendant. The data were collected by questionnaire and medical record. The data were analyzed by mix-effect model. Results: Anemia (Hb <11 g%) (b=2.22; 95%CI=1.05 to 3.39; p=0.001) and obstetric history of bleeding (b=1.31; 95%CI= 0.15 to 2.47; p=0.027) increased the risk logodd of postpartum hemorrhage, and it was statistically significant. ANC ≥4 times (b=-1.46; 95%CI=-2.95 to 0.02; p= 0.052) decreased the risk logodd of postpartum hemorrhage, and it was marginally significant. Age <20 year or ≥ 35 year (b= 0.12; 95%CI= -1.01 to 1.26; p= 0.827) and parity = 1 or ≥4 (b= 0.18; 95%CI= -0.95 to 1.32; p=0.754) increased the risk logodd of postpartum hemorrhage, but it was not statistically significant. Multilevel analysis was not needed in this model because ICC <1%. Conclusion: Anemia and history of postpartum bleeding are important risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage. Use of ANC ≥4 times decreases the risk of postpartum bleeding.