To report the major intraretinal pathological changes in retinas with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and retinal shortening, 13 human retinal samples from postoperative PVR after primary surgery for retinal detachment were immunostained for vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cytokeratins, and CD68. One more sample was studied with electron microscopy. Retinal disorganization, neuronal loss, and gliosis were observed in 12 out of 13 samples, but all 13 were positive for GFAP. Müller cell processes showed different degrees of intermediate filament hyperplasia. CD68-positive cells were present in 11 of 13 retinal samples. Conclusion: A gliotic response plays a major role in retinal shortening in PVR. In addition, the presence of macrophage-like cells in retinal tissues suggests a possible role of these cells in the pathogenesis of this variety of PVR.

cDNA isolated from a human B-cell line Raji library was analyzed and shown to encode the full-length cDNA sequence of a novel cell-surface glycoprotein, initially termed HLy9-β. The predicted mature 307-amino acid protein was composed of two extracellular Ig-like domains, a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and an 83-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular Ig-like domains presented structural and sequence homology with a group of members of the Ig superfamily that included CD2, CD48, CD58, and Ly9. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of HLy9-β was predominantly restricted to hematopoietic tissues. Chromosome localization studies mapped the HLy9-β gene to chromosome 1q24, where other members of this Ig superfamily (CD48 and HumLy9) have been mapped. CD84 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were shown to react with cells transfected with the cloned cDNA. These MoAbs were further used to show that CD84 is expressed as a single chain cell-surface glycoprotein of Mr 64,000 to 82,000, which was highly glycosylated. CD84 had a unique pattern of expression, being found predominantly on lymphocytes and monocytes. Thus, the glycoprotein HLy9-β is recognized by MoAbs previously clustered as CD84 and represents a newly identified member of the Ig superfamily that may play a significant role in leukocyte activation.

Eight wild-type strains belonging to lactococci, lactobacilli or leuconostoc species were tested as starter cultures in the production of semi-hard goat's milk cheese. The screening of the strains in cheesemaking was in a laboratory scale production. Eleven batches were produced using a combination of the strains in different proportions as starters. Two control batches were made, one from raw milk without starter and another from pasteurized milk with a commercial starter. The strains used in the cheeses that received the best scores in the laboratory scale production were assayed in a pilot scale cheesemaking process. The control batch was produced from raw milk without starter. The starter containing Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis IFPL 359, Lactobacillus casei subsp casei IFPL 731, Lactobacillus plantarum IFPL 935, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp dextranicum IFPL 709 and Leuconostoc paramesenteroides IFPL 705 provided the cheeses with the best characteristics after 60 d of ripening. Lactococci were the most abundant ffora in the cheeses, and lactobacilli attained high counts on conclusion of ripening. The cheeses presented nitrogen fractions higher than in the control. The experimental cheeses displayed small, evenly-distributed openings and were awarded maximum scores for ffavor, texture and general acceptability. goat's milk cheese 1starter cultures Ilactic acid bacteria 1cheese ripening Résumé -Évaluation d'un levain spécifique pour la fabrication d'un fromage de chèvre à pâte semi-dure. Huit souches sauvages de lactocoques, de lactobacilles et de leuconostocs ont été testées en tant que levain pour la fabrication de fromages de chèvre à pâte semi-dure. L'étude des souches, dans un premier temps, a été réalisée au laboratoire. Onze levains, composés de différents mélanges des 8 souches, ont été utilisés pour la fabrication de fromages. Deux fabrications témoins, l'une à base de lait cru sans levain et l'autre à base de lait pasteurisé ensemencé avec un levain du commerce, ont aussi été réalisées. Après évaluation de la qualité des fromages obtenus, les meilleurs levains ont été testés à l'échelle pilote. Le levain contenant les souches Lactococcus lactis subps lactis IFPL 359, Lactobacillus casei subsp casei IFPL 731, Lactobacillus plantarum IFPL 935, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp dextranicum IFPL 709 et Leuconostoc paramesenteroides IFPL 705 a donné les meilleurs fromages, après 60 j d'affinage. À l'issue de la période d'affinage, la flore de ces fromages était composée en majorité de lactocoques. Les lactobacilles étaient aussi très • Present address (January-December 1992):

No abstract