We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion ( p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance to examine variation in effect magnitudes across sample and setting. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples and 15,305 total participants from 36 countries and territories. Using conventional statistical significance (p &lt; .05), fifteen (54%) of the replications provided evidence in the same direction and statistically significant as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p &lt; .0001), fourteen (50%) provide such evidence reflecting the extremely high powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications had effect sizes larger than the original finding and 21 (75%) had effect sizes smaller than the original finding. The median comparable Cohen’s d effect sizes for original findings was 0.60 and for replications was 0.15. Sixteen replications (57%) had small effect sizes (&lt; .20) and 9 (32%) were in the opposite direction from the original finding. Across settings, 11 (39%) showed significant heterogeneity using the Q statistic and most of those were among the findings eliciting the largest overall effect sizes; only one effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity. Only one effect showed a Tau &gt; 0.20 indicating moderate heterogeneity. Nine others had a Tau near or slightly above 0.10 indicating slight heterogeneity. In moderation tests, very little heterogeneity was attributable to task order, administration in lab versus online, and exploratory WEIRD versus less WEIRD culture comparisons. Cumulatively, variability in observed effect sizes was more attributable to the effect being studied than the sample or setting in which it was studied.

ResumenEl Inventario de Depresión de Beck, IA (BDI-IA), ha demostrado buenas propiedades psicométricas durante los últimos cuarenta años. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la estructura factorial y las propiedades psicométricas del BDI-IA para adolescentes mexicanos. Participó un total de 385 adolescentes en dos muestras (comunidad general, pacientes psiquiátricos externos con y sin trastorno depresivo). Los participantes completaron el BDI-IA y una batería de instrumentos para medir constructos relacionados. El AFE mostró una solución de dos factores: el Cognitivo-Afectivo y el Somático. El AFC indicó un ajuste aceptable del modelo propuesto por Beck. El BDI-IA mostró un α = .92, y mantuvo una relación significativa con medidas de afrontamiento evitativo, respuesta de rumia y ansiedad. Asimismo, mostró buena sensibilidad y especificidad para discriminar entre deprimidos y no deprimidos. El BDI-IA es una medida válida y confiable de los síntomas depresivos en adolescentes mexicanos de población clínica y no clínica.Palabras clave: Estado de ánimo, pubertad, sensibilidad, especificidad, curva ROC. AbstractThe Beck Depression Inventory, IA (BDI-IA) has been shown to have good psychometric properties for the past forty years. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure and provide evidence of the psychometric properties of the BDI-IA for Mexican adolescents. Three hundred eighty five adolescents in two samples (general community, psychiatric outpatients with and without major depressive disorders) completed the BDI-IA and a battery of measures of related constructs. The EFA showed a two-factor solution: the Cognitive-Affective one, and the Somatic one. The CFA indicated an acceptable fit of Beck's model. The BDI-IA showed an α = .92, and maintained a significant relationship with avoidance coping, ruminative response and anxiety measures. As well, the BDI-IA showed good sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed individuals. The BDI-IA is a valid and reliable measure of depressive symptoms in Mexican adolescents of clinical and non-clinical populations.

The purpose of this research was to study the potential association between the constructs body dissatisfaction, self-esteem and depression in girls with obesity. Participants were 231 preadolescents aged 10 to 13 years from Mexico City, who were ranked into the Obesity, Overweight and Normal Weight groups for the first analysis, and into four groups according to their body mass index and levels of body dissatisfaction for the second analysis. Participants completed the Body Shape Questionnaire-16, the Child Self-Esteem Test and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Through analysis of variance, girls with overweight and those with obesity reported more body dissatisfaction than their peers with normal weight. Girls with any weight and higher levels of body dissatisfaction showed lower self-esteem and more symptoms of depression than those with no-high body dissatisfaction. Obesity was associated to body dissatisfaction in female preteens, and only when there were high levels of body dissatisfaction, obesity was also related to girls' self-esteem and depression. However, body dissatisfaction did not mediate the relationship between obesity and self-esteem, neither between obesity and depression.

Resumenson pocos los estudios que han analizado el modelo teórico de la depresión mediante el inventario de Depresión de Beck ii (BDi-ii) en adolescentes hispanohablantes. esta investigación se planteó dos propósitos: 1) indagar el ajuste de dos modelos factoriales en adolescentes mexicanos de población general del BDi-ii, el unidimensional y el original de Beck et al. (1996) que propone los factores cognitivo-afectivo y somático-vegetativo y 2) examinar la invarianza entre sexos del modelo con mejor ajuste. participaron en dos estudios 1010 y 610 adolescentes, respectivamente, quienes cumplimentaron el BDi-ii. Mediante aFc se sometió a prueba las dos estructuras factoriales y, por medio de aFc multigrupo, se realizó el análisis de invarianza entre sexos. los resultados revelaron la superioridad del modelo de dos factores en ambos estudios, sin hallar diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. estos hallazgos arrojan evidencia en favor de la teoría de la depresión de Beck y de la validez de constructo del BDi-ii en adolescentes. Palabras clave: afecto, pubertad, tristeza, auto-informe y emociones. AbstractFew studies have analyzed theoretical model of depression through the Beck Depression inventory ii (BDi-II) in Spanish-speaking adolescents. This research had two aims: 1) to know the fit of two BDI-II factor models in community Mexican adolescents, the one-dimension model and the Beck et al. (1996)'s original model posing the cognitive-affective and somatic-Vegetative factors, and 2) to examine model invariance across sexes with the best-fitting model. In two studies, 1010 and 610 adolescents participated, respectively, who completed the BDi-ii. through cFa the two factor structures were tested and, by means of multi-group cFa, invariance analysis across sexes was performed. results revealed superiority of the two-factor model in both studies, without differences between women and men. These findings lead to evidence for Beck's theory of depression and construct validity of the BDi-ii in adolescents. Keywords: affect, puberty, sadness, self-report, emotions.* Esta investigación fue posible gracias al financiamiento otorgado a la Dra. Laura Hernández-Guzmán, responsable de los proyectos PAPIIT IN305512 e iN305814, Dirección general de asuntos del personal académico de la UNaM. agradecimientos: se agradecen las facilidades brindadas por las autoridades y personal de las escuelas participantes, así como el apoyo de los siguientes estudiantes en el reclutamiento de las escuelas y la recolección de datos: idalia aragón, Katya Franco, edith garcía, Berenice gonzález, Brenda lópez, carmen pompa, Joselyn rodríguez, rodrigo rosales, emmanuel ruiz, Marbella sánchez, Victoria sánchez y Jessica téllez. correspondencia: relacionada con este artículo debe dirigirse a la Dra. laura Hernández guzmán, Facultad de psicología, Universidad Nacional autónoma de México.