BackgroundInformation on the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) in family caregivers of children with chronic diseases is currently unavailable, indicating a significant gap in the literature. Therefore, we investigated 1) which of the five evaluated measurement models had the best fit, 2) the scale’s reliability, and 3) the scale’s convergent validity.MethodSIn 2018, a cross-sectional ex post facto study with non-probability convenience sampling was conducted in 446 family caregivers of children with chronic diseases at the National Institute of Health in Mexico City; the family caregivers responded to the BDI-II and a battery of instruments measuring anxiety, caregiver burden, parental stress, well-being, and quality of life. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine the fit of the five models. Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability were calculated to assess the scale’s reliability, and Spearman´s rank correlation was used to investigate the scale’s convergent validity.ResultsThis study provided evidence that the two-factor somatic-affective and cognitive model had the best fit. The BDI-II demonstrated adequate reliability and evidence of convergent validity, as the BDI-II factors were positively correlated with anxiety, caregiver burden, and parental stress and negatively correlated with well-being and quality of life.ConclusionsThe findings reveal that the BDI-II is a valid, reliable, and culturally relevant instrument to measure depression in family caregivers of children with chronic diseases.

The purpose of this research was to study the potential association between the constructs body dissatisfaction, self-esteem and depression in girls with obesity. Participants were 231 preadolescents aged 10 to 13 years from Mexico City, who were ranked into the Obesity, Overweight and Normal Weight groups for the first analysis, and into four groups according to their body mass index and levels of body dissatisfaction for the second analysis. Participants completed the Body Shape Questionnaire-16, the Child Self-Esteem Test and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Through analysis of variance, girls with overweight and those with obesity reported more body dissatisfaction than their peers with normal weight. Girls with any weight and higher levels of body dissatisfaction showed lower self-esteem and more symptoms of depression than those with no-high body dissatisfaction. Obesity was associated to body dissatisfaction in female preteens, and only when there were high levels of body dissatisfaction, obesity was also related to girls' self-esteem and depression. However, body dissatisfaction did not mediate the relationship between obesity and self-esteem, neither between obesity and depression.

Resumenson pocos los estudios que han analizado el modelo teórico de la depresión mediante el inventario de Depresión de Beck ii (BDi-ii) en adolescentes hispanohablantes. esta investigación se planteó dos propósitos: 1) indagar el ajuste de dos modelos factoriales en adolescentes mexicanos de población general del BDi-ii, el unidimensional y el original de Beck et al. (1996) que propone los factores cognitivo-afectivo y somático-vegetativo y 2) examinar la invarianza entre sexos del modelo con mejor ajuste. participaron en dos estudios 1010 y 610 adolescentes, respectivamente, quienes cumplimentaron el BDi-ii. Mediante aFc se sometió a prueba las dos estructuras factoriales y, por medio de aFc multigrupo, se realizó el análisis de invarianza entre sexos. los resultados revelaron la superioridad del modelo de dos factores en ambos estudios, sin hallar diferencias entre mujeres y hombres. estos hallazgos arrojan evidencia en favor de la teoría de la depresión de Beck y de la validez de constructo del BDi-ii en adolescentes. Palabras clave: afecto, pubertad, tristeza, auto-informe y emociones. AbstractFew studies have analyzed theoretical model of depression through the Beck Depression inventory ii (BDi-II) in Spanish-speaking adolescents. This research had two aims: 1) to know the fit of two BDI-II factor models in community Mexican adolescents, the one-dimension model and the Beck et al. (1996)'s original model posing the cognitive-affective and somatic-Vegetative factors, and 2) to examine model invariance across sexes with the best-fitting model. In two studies, 1010 and 610 adolescents participated, respectively, who completed the BDi-ii. through cFa the two factor structures were tested and, by means of multi-group cFa, invariance analysis across sexes was performed. results revealed superiority of the two-factor model in both studies, without differences between women and men. These findings lead to evidence for Beck's theory of depression and construct validity of the BDi-ii in adolescents. Keywords: affect, puberty, sadness, self-report, emotions.* Esta investigación fue posible gracias al financiamiento otorgado a la Dra. Laura Hernández-Guzmán, responsable de los proyectos PAPIIT IN305512 e iN305814, Dirección general de asuntos del personal académico de la UNaM. agradecimientos: se agradecen las facilidades brindadas por las autoridades y personal de las escuelas participantes, así como el apoyo de los siguientes estudiantes en el reclutamiento de las escuelas y la recolección de datos: idalia aragón, Katya Franco, edith garcía, Berenice gonzález, Brenda lópez, carmen pompa, Joselyn rodríguez, rodrigo rosales, emmanuel ruiz, Marbella sánchez, Victoria sánchez y Jessica téllez. correspondencia: relacionada con este artículo debe dirigirse a la Dra. laura Hernández guzmán, Facultad de psicología, Universidad Nacional autónoma de México.

We aimed to validate the HIV Stigma Mechanisms Scale (HIV-SMS) in a sample of Mexican adults living with HIV, which differentiates between sources and mechanisms of stigma. Adults (n = 362) with a median age of 32 years old completed a web-based version in Spanish of the HIV-SMS as well as sociodemographic and HIV-related characteristics questionnaire. Exploratory factor analyses with weighted least squares and oblique rotation were performed to assess the construct validity of the scale. The Spanish translation for the Mexican population of the HIV-SMS has adequate internal consistency (Ω = 0.86) and demonstrated a structure similar to the original scale. After excluding the items related to community and social workers, a five-factor solution with internalized, promulgated, and anticipated stigma from family and healthcare workers showed adequate construct validity. The HIV-SMS is a valid and sensitive scale that can be used in a Mexican adult population living with HIV.

ResumenObjetivo. Someter a prueba el modelo unidimensional de la Escala de Desregulación Emocional, versión corta (EDS-short) para niños y adolescentes; examinar su invariancia entre sexos y edades; e indagar acerca de su validez convergente. Método. Mediante un muestreo intencional participaron, en un estudio y su réplica, 407 y 546 menores, respectivamente, quienes respondieron la EDS-short y la subescala de afecto negativo de la Positive and Negative Affect Scale para niños. Se empleó el análisis factorial confi rmatorio para analizar la estructura unidimensional de la EDS-short y se examinó la asociación entre la desregulación emocional y el afecto negativo por medio de la correlación de Pearson. Resultados. En ambos estudios, el modelo unidimensional mostró un ajuste adecuado (χ² / gl ≤ 2.76; RMSEA ≤ 0.06; CFI = 0.99; IFI = 0.99; NFI = 0.98; NNFI = 0.99), así como invariancia entre mujeres y hombres y entre niños y adolescentes (∆CFI = 0.00). Hubo asociación positiva y moderada entre la desregulación emocional y el afecto negativo (r ≥ 0.57). Conclusión. La EDS-short posee un modelo de medida unidimensional y validez convergente. Se recomienda como una medida viable de la desregulación emocional de niños y de adolescentes.Palabras clave. Regulación emocional, emociones, malestar, psicopatología, autoinformes. Construct Validity of the Emotional Dysregulation Scale, Short Form, for Children and Adolescents AbstractObjective. The aims of this research were to test the unidimensional model of the Emotional Dysregulation Scale, short form (EDS-short), for children and adolescents, to examine its invariance across sex and age, and to investigate its convergent validity. Method. By intentional sampling, 407 and 546 young people answered 1