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This work covers the phase equilibrium characterization of systems containing n-heptane, toluene, and two tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([C2C1im]­[TCM]) and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tricyanomethanide ([4-C4C1py]­[TCM]). Aiming at evaluating these ILs for the n-heptane/toluene extractive distillation, the vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria (VLLE) and vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) were determined by headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) in the whole composition range at temperatures from 323.2 to 423.2 K and solvent to feed (S/F) ratios of 1, 5, and 10. Experimental results were modeled with the Cubic Plus Association (CPA) Equation of State (EoS). ILs’ molecular parameters were regressed through density and heat capacity data and further used to describe the binary and ternary mixtures phase equilibria. Extractive distillation with ILs stands as a powerful approach for the dearomatization of liquid fuels, whereas the combination of HS-GC methodology and CPA EoS has been revealed as an ideal strategy to further exploring this new technology.