Mortality was low in children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome, being central nervous system involvement the main cause of death. The best mortality predictors found were central nervous system involvement, hemoglobin, and sodium concentration. Hyponatremia may be a new Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome mortality predictor.

No difference in symptomatology was discernible between boys and girls. Podocyturia was detectable in children serving as a possible early marker of kidney injury. LysoGb3 was elevated in all cases, emphasizing the importance for diagnosis especially in female patients with normal αGal A activity. A possible association between lysoGb3 and symptom severity and histological involvement in kidney biopsy should be assessed in prospective studies with enough statistical power to determine if lysoGb3 can be used to predict nephropathy in children with Fabry disease.

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Idiopathic hypercalciuria may be associated with urinary tract infection, hematuria, nephrolithiasis and osteopenia. In order to describe the occurrence of these concurrent conditions related to the variation in urinary calcium and hypercalciuria response to sequential therapy, with a normal protein and low sodium diet, potassium citrate and hydrochlorothiazide; 46 patients older than 4 years, with no urinary tract diseases, sphincter control and normal blood creatinine values were followed-up during 43 months. Hypercalciuria was seen to be associated with kidney stones (EAR 47%; RR 3.3), hematuria (EAR 71%; RR 2.5), urinary tract infections (EAR 57%; RR 3), and osteopenia (EAR 33%; RR 3). A normal value of urinary calcium was achieved with sequential therapy in 43 patients, but during follow-up 32 patients discontinued treatment and hypercalciuria recurred in 44% of them, in association with hematuria and urinary tract infection. Conclusions. Sequential therapy reduced hypercalciuria and the incidence of associated diseases.