The lower basal cell density found in patients with diabetes may result from a combination of different mechanisms including decreased innervation at the subbasal nerve plexus, basement membrane alterations, and higher turnover rate in basal epithelial cells. The lower cell density in the midstroma of diabetic patients and healthy controls may be attributed in part to differences in oxygen concentration in the stromal layers (depths). Changes in cellular density did not seem to be responsible for the increased autofluorescence in diabetes.

Single-pixel imaging is an imaging technique that has recently attracted a lot of attention from several areas. This paper presents a study on the influence of the Hadamard basis ordering on the image reconstruction quality, using simulation and experimental methods. During this work, five different orderings, Natural, Walsh, Cake-cutting, High Frequency and Random orders, along with two different reconstruction algorithms, TVAL3 and NESTA, were tested. Also, three different noise levels and compression ratios from 0.1 to 1 were evaluated. A single-pixel camera was developed using a digital micromirror device for the experimental phase. For a compression ratio of 0.1, the Cake-cutting order achieved the best reconstruction quality, while the best contrast was achieved by Walsh order. For compression ratios of 0.5, the Walsh and Cake-cutting orders achieved similar results. Both Walsh and Cake-cutting orders reconstructed the images with good quality using compression ratios from 0.3. Finally, the TVAL3 algorithm showed better image reconstruction quality, in comparison with NESTA, when considering compression ratios from 0.1 to 0.5.

[1] We present a long-term study at visible wavelengths of the motions and spatial distribution of the hot spots at 7°N of Jupiter. This research involves seven years of observations of the planet between 1979 and 2002 and includes data from Voyagers 1 and 2, Hubble Space Telescope, and a number of ground-based observatories. Our analysis of the North Equatorial Belt (NEB) dark projections (DPs) velocities and wave numbers showsthatadispersionrelationship exists,withtheDPsvelocity(rangingfrom97to113ms À1 ) slightly increasing with wave number (ranging from 6 to 20, although usually 8-12). We interpret this relationship in terms of a superposition of equatorial Rossby waves traveling along the planet and confined to the upper troposphere. The resulting equivalent depth for the waves on an incompressible fluid is 1-2 km, and they move relative to a background flow with speed 140 m s À1 , a result in good agreement with previous analysis of the wave interpretation for hot spot motions as observed in the infrared.Citation: Arregi, J., J. F. Rojas, A. Sánchez-Lavega, and A. Morgado (2006), Phase dispersion relation of the 5-micron hot spot wave from a long-term study of Jupiter in the visible,

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Purpose: Method and validation of a technique to quantify cell density in vivo in 6 corneal layers with a scanning slit confocal microscope (SSCM). Method: A confocal image of a small volume in a corneal layer is registered on videotape. Cells or nuclei according to a layer classification are counted manually using an unbiased frame. Surface cell density is calculated from an image on the screen, and volumetric density is obtained using stereological methods. Results: Image distortion on the screen is less than 3%. The classification of a cell layer is verified by determining the position of the measurement volume in the cornea. Validation of density measurements is performed by comparing confocal results with those obtained by histology. The difference between the two methods varies from –24.1% (posterior stroma) to +16.4% (basal layer). Intersession and intrasession repeatability are 8.3 and 5.8%, respectively. The cell density (mean ± SD) in 20 healthy controls in the superficial, basal and endothelial layers was 759 ± 162, 5,817 ± 632 and 2,743 ± 285 cells·mm^–2 (surface), and in the anterior, mid and posterior stroma 28,616 ± 3,081, 19,578 ± 4,421 and 26,073 ± 5,962 cells·mm^–3 (volumetric). These results are in accordance with those of other investigators. Conclusions: The SSCM can produce repeatable quantitative measurements of corneal cell density in conscious humans.