Metal toxicity can cause hematologic abnormalities and hemolysis. To evaluate the relationship of anemia with metal contamination in children, the following elements were quantified in dry blood: silicon, chromium, lead, titanium, vanadium, nickel, arsenic, manganese, and cadmium. A total of 88 samples of anemic children and 208 of non-anemic children aged 6-12 years were analyzed. Lead (35.1%), chromium (24.3%), vanadium (24.3%), nickel (45.6%), and silicon (48.6%) were identified in the samples, with titanium only detected in anemic children. The average level of arsenic was higher in anemic than non-anemic children (0.041 ± 0.11 wt% vs 0.014 ± 0.05 wt%, p < 0.05) and correlated with the concentration of hemoglobin (r = -0.441, p < 0.01). In conclusion, heavy metals, which confer a health risk, were detected in the dry blood of the children evaluated, and the levels of arsenic and titanium were found to be related to anemia.

BaTiO 3 doped with Gd 3+ (Ba 1-x Gd x Ti 1-x/4 O 3 ) was synthesized using the solid-state reaction method with x = 0. 001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 Gd 3+ (wt. %). The powders were decarbonated at 900 °C and sintered at 1400 °C for 8 hours. The tetragonality of the synthesized Gd 3+ -doped BaTiO 3 particles was analyzed. XRD patterns and Raman spectra revealed that the crystal phase of the obtained particles was predominately tetragonal BaTiO 3 ; the intensity of the Raman bands at 205 cm , and 304 cm −1 decreased when Gd 3+ was increased. A secondary phase (Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 ) was found when the Gd 3+ content was higher than 0.15 wt. %. The capacitance of the sintering pellets was measured at 1 kHz; these values were used to calculate the relative permittivity, the maximum permittivity values were recorded for the samples with x = 0.001, 0.005, and 0.1.

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