As analysis of the results of numerous studies has shown, the raw material for the production of wood fi ber material can be chips from wood residue. In the process of producing high-quality wood fi ber semi-fi nished product, high-quality wood chips are subjected to hydrothermal processing and further grinding in disk blade grinding machines in two stages. Signifi cant energy intensity of the process of wood fi ber production is caused not only by the grinding of chips in two steps, but also by overcoming the hydrodynamic resistance of the aquatic environment in which grinding is carried out. In order to solve the problem of expanding the raw material base for the production of wood fi ber semi-fi nished product and reduce the energy intensity of the grinding process, research has been carried out on the process of grinding chips from logging residues in an aerodynamic environment in a modernized plank-cross grinder. An analysis of the features of the process of grinding chips in an aerodynamic environment has been performed and an estimate of its effectiveness has been formed. The infl uence of the main structural and technological parameters of the process of production a wood fi ber semi-fi nished product in an aerodynamic environment on its quality indicators is shown. Statistical-mathematical equations and graphical dependences are obtained that allow predicting the quality indicators of a wood fi ber semi-fi nished product for given structural and technological parameters of the grinding equipment.
For the moment, the priority for the development of forestry is the provision of continuous, non-exhaustive and rational use of forest resources. In spite of this, logging residues, i.e. brushwood, twigs, tree tops, butt end and cull wood, which are unavoidably formed due to logging processes, are ploughed and burned. Analysis of this type of logging debris showed that logging residues are up to 18% of the total wood biomass and they are potential raw materials for obtaining woodchips for fuel and other types of products. The study presents evidence-based and experimentally confi rmed possibility of obtaining woodchips for fi ber board, pulp and paper industry. The infl uence of the wood species and the type of logging residues on the quality indicators of chip was established. Aleksandr Mokhirev, et al. -Evaluation of possibility of obtaining woodchips from wood residues
New nature management, biotechnologies and other elements of the sixth technological order, to which the most developed countries are already beginning to move, also create new problems, risks and challenges. In the forest sector of the economy of the Russian Federation, such a challenge and problem is the need to strike a balance between sustainable development of forestry, as the basic sector of the forest sector, on which the entire pyramid of forestry industries rely, and environmentally responsible and safe forest management. Unfortunately, the Voronezh region has long lost its former glory, backed up by the presence of mighty oak stands and huge ship timber reserves, prompting Peter I to create a powerful Russian fleet. And when in 1970 it was decided to host the Research Institute of Forest Genetics and Breeding in Voronezh, then considerations about the revival of the forest potential of Voronezh oak forests was one of the last argument in favor of this particular territory. And today, it's not too late to develop an ambitious project to restore selective, highly productive oak stands, increase the forest cover of the region to 12 percent or more, which will affect not only the quality of the ecological environment, growth of socioeconomic indicators, increase in the yield of agricultural producers, but also at the level of investment attractiveness of the region. As a rule, in this case, the system organizes itself, the degree of its ordering increases, and a positive synergistic effect of a multifaceted nature arises. Moreover, the total synergistic effect of the self-organizing system is not a simple sum of the individual components of this effect, but often their multiplication, which significantly increases the final result.
Лесовозные автодороги могут быть круглогодичного или временного пользования. На данных дорогах основными транспортными средствами являются лесовозные автопоезда. Лесовозные дороги предназначены для эффективной вывозки по ним запланированного объема заготовленной древесины. В большинстве исследований по эффективному освоению лесных ресурсов и транспортировке их до потребителя выделяется ряд ключевых проблем. Основные из них: проблема повышения транспортной доступности лесных ресурсов; необходимость учета и нейтрализация негативного воздействия факторов, оказывающих влияние на вывозку заготовленной древесины; минимизация расходов на всей цепи поставок. На все эти проблемы влияют природно-климатические факторы. Анализ практического опыта лесозаготовительных предприятий показал, что большое влияние на начало эксплуатации летних дорог оказывает количество влаги в грунтах. Выявлено, что в начале сезона эксплуатации летних лесовозных дорог на количество влаги в грунтах влияют не только факторы водно-теплового режима (осадки и количество осадков), но и влага талых вод. Задержка талых вод в грунтах зависит от промерзания почв в осенне-зимний период, в результате чего наибольшее промерзание почв происходит при избыточном количестве воды в почве. В силу того что количество осадков перед постоянно выпавшим снегом в осенний период имеет воздействие на процесс задержки талых вод в грунтах и оказывает значительное влияние на начало вывозки древесины в летний период, исследования в данной области являются актуальными. Итогом работы стали анализ влияния осадков в весенний период, положительной температуры воздуха и количества воды в почве в осенний период на начало вывозки леса по дорогам летнего действия и составление соответствующей регрессионной модели. Объектом настоящих исследований выступили данные о датах начала вывозки леса в летний период с лесозаготовительных территорий предприятий Красноярского края.
. The paper analyzes the actual volumes of the raw material base of the timber industry complex in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. An assessment is given to the types and amounts of generated logging waste. An innovative technology and equipment for the processing of logging waste in the conditions of logging into wood flour is proposed. The analysis of the design features of the mobile grinding plant has been carried out. An assessment of the efficiency of processing felling residues directly at the cutting area is given.
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