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In this essay, we examine member state approaches to European development cooperation through the lens of collective action. We observe that successful collective action requires a combination of both culture and calculus. We suggest that the European debate sometimes suffers from an excess of one and a shortfall in the other – and vice‐versa. We note that different perspectives can be explained by different geopolitical realities. We conclude that it is better to walk on two legs than hop along on one – and that judicious application of collective action theory can help this happen.

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