No abstract

We investigated the impact of ethnicity on the adaptability of forest resource management in Myanmar. Within Myanmar’s ethnically diverse population, extensive economically motivated internal migration has led to the forming new villages comprising people of different ethnicities. Conditions and problems encountered in these newly formed villages may differ from those in ancestral villages where customary rights prevail. We assessed the livelihood systems and cooperative behaviours of different ethnic groups within a study village. Our findings were as follows: 1) households’ ethnicities influenced their levels of dependence on different livelihood sources, namely Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and field crops, and 2) cooperation among the villagers of different ethnicity was weak. To achieve successful and sustainable natural resource management in such region, the characteristics of different ethnic groups should be taken into account in community forest management plan.

Films of alloys (I) and (II) have been prepared by an electroless plating method.

No abstract

Medicinal plants, as a type of non-timber forest products (NTFP), have been expected to support the livelihoods of people globally, especially in rural and forest areas in developing nations. As medicinal plants occupy a unique position, with direct repercussions for people's health and as a potential income resource, it is necessary to take the interaction with, and influence of, modern medicine into account when they are considered as a NTFP. This study pursued the influence of the health care service on medicinal plant utilization in mestizo and indigenous villages near secondary population agglomerations in the Peruvian Amazon. The study found some influence of the health care services on medicinal plant use in the study site, indicating that 1) medicinal plants are not necessarily a highly dependable approach for health care, 2) there are insufficient conditions for the development of a commercial market for medicinal plants, and 3) mestizo and indigenous households have similar health care utilization behaviours, although indigenous households are more affected by modern medicine, especially health care insurance, than the mestizo households. The health care service is an important factor for medicinal plant use for both health and livelihood. Without considering this factor, the potential of medicinal plants as NTFP cannot be fully understood.