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To prepare materials with improved recycling capability, new flexible biodegradable polyurethane foams, in which non-degradable polyether polyol was partly substituted by the bio-polyols based on cellulose or starch derivatives were synthesized. The incorporation of biopolyols into the foams' structures as well as their influence on the foam thermal stability was assessed by Fouriertransformed infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis analyses. The ecotoxicological aspects of the newly synthesized foams were investigated by extracting the samples using freshwater as a solvent followed by applying the microbiotest screening toxkit under trade name ''Thamnotoxkit F TM '' with larvae of freshwater shrimps Thamnocephalus platyurus.