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The main aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the Red Listing process as well as to answer the initial question of whether crop wild relatives (CWR) national Red Listing is as difficult as some of the plant genetic resources (PGR) community may think it is, as well as giving examples of its application in the PGR context and interpretation of its use. The IUCN Red List Criteria are quite useful and fairly easy to apply when data are available. However, in most cases, there is a considerable lack of data and a formal IUCN Red List assessment is generally thought to be impossible. In resume, the chapter reviews the process of Red Listing as well as methodological issues that are raised in order to help discussion on the application of the 2001 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria and to contribute to the refinement and improvement of this system. The exemplar IUCN Red Listing was undertaken for the CWR species of mainland Portugal for which the required data were available.