The analysis of the effects of applying the concept of sustainable development in retail has been attracting interest recently. In that context we have considered greenhouse gases emission in retail. This is achieved by using modern ecological technology in business-through the whole food value chain. The goal is to achieve the planned reductions of carbon dioxide in retail food, which positively reflects the overall performance of food retailers. This empirical research is mainly based on the analysis of the original sustainable reports officially disclosed by selected food retailers. These reports are now an integral part of the integrated reporting on performance of global food retailers. Having been universally important, harmonized regulations on sustainable retail food reporting are being increasingly applied as a data source for more efficient environmental management. In the future, this will enable the comparative analysis of the carbon dioxide emission of global and other food retailers.

Competitiveness of high-technology products (HTP) is more significant on the world market than products of medium and low quality. Increase in the innovation performance should lead to the growth of high technology application in production consequently rising exports of HTP as an important factor in increasing competitiveness. In this paper we wanted to analyze the correlations and conditionality of exports of HTP (share of exports in total country exports) and selected indicators that influence innovation: GDP, R&D costs (research and development cost in four sectors), degree of education of the population, number of researchers (in four sectors) and global innovation index (GII). The main aim was to identify which indicators contributed to the growth of exports of HTP in the analyzed countries (Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary) in the observed period of ten years (2009-2018), in order to give certain recommendations on the measures and procedures Serbia should take to increase the level of innovation index and exports of HTP. In this paper, the exports of HTP was analyzed in Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. The influence of the chosen indicators on export of high technology products was analyzed using the POLS model, the fixed effects model and the random effects model. The results indicate that if analyzed countries do not find resources to intensify investment in education and R&D, they will not reach the average EU innovation indicators for many years. Also, it will seriously harm the competitiveness of the economies of the observed countries in the conditions dictated by the modern business environment and the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0).

The pandemic caused by the Covid-19 virus significantly affected the consumers' behavior. The subject of the paper is to analyze the consumer characteristics, the consumer attitudes towards organic food products, as well as the changes in the consumer behavior. The research was performed in 2021 in the Republic of Serbia. The statistical software package SPSS has been utilized for data analysis. Our findings show that, in times of COVID-19 pandemic, the consumers have a very positive perception of nutritional values of organic food products with an expressed willingness to pay 20-30% more for the organic products, in regard to conventional products. The main reason for buying such products is less chemistry and child health. The main reason for insufficient consumption is the high price. The monthly income of irregular consumers of organic food products has predicted the willingness to pay, while the household size has predicted the assessment of the organic products nutritional properties.

The subject of this paper is the econometric examination of the impact of income on expenditures, i.e. on the demand for package holidays of households in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of income on household expenditures for package holidays in the country and abroad on the basis of alternative functional forms of Engel curves and elasticities derived from them. The starting research hypothesis is that with the increase in household income, the share of expenditures for tourist arrangements in total household expenditures in Serbia remains approximately unchanged. As sources of data, Household Budget Surveys in Serbia were used, which were conducted every year, starting from 2006 (until 2019). Based on the different functional forms of Engel curves, the parameters of the impact of income on expenditures for package arrangements were estimated, and then income elasticities were estimated. In addition to the impact of income, the impact of qualitative characteristics of households and especially household heads on expenditures for tourist arrangements was examined. With the help of appropriate statistical tests, the basic research hypothesis was proven and the influence of socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households on the demand for package holidays was quantified.

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