Kratak sadržaj Uvod. Diabetes mellitus je hronično oboljenje povezano sa mnogobrojnim faktorima rizika. Zbog povećanja dugovečnosti stanovništva i sve veće prevalence oboljenja stomatolozi u okviru svakodnevne prakse sve češće leče dijabetesne pacijente. Diabetes mellitus se povezuje sa mnogobrojnim oralnim komplikacijama kao što je infekcija Candidom albicans koja je i najčešća vrsta gljivica koja naseljava sluzokožu usne duplje u dijabetesnih bolesnika. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost oralne kandidoze u dijabetesnih i nedijabetesnih ispitanika. Materijal i metode. 150 ispitanika uključenih u istraživanje podeljeno je u tri grupe: 50 ispitanika sa diabetes mellitusom tip 1 bili su prva grupa, 50 ispitanika sa diabetes mellitusom tip 2 bili su druga grupa, a 50 ispitanika koji nisu bolovali od diabetes mellitusa činili su treću grupa. Stomatološkim pregledom procenjeno je stanje oralne higijene, parodoncijuma, prisustvo/odsustvo zuba i zubnih proteza u svakog pacijenta. Za vreme pregleda dobijeni su podaci iz anamneze o bolovanju od oralne kandidoze u prethodnih pet godina. Dijagnoza oralne kandidoze u vreme istraživanja postavljena je na osnovu kliničkog nalaza i laboratorijske identifikacije gljivica iz roda Candida. Rezultati. Utvrđeno je statistički značajno manje prisustvo kandidoze i subjektivnog osećaja oralne suvoće u kontrolnoj grupi (p<0.001). Zaključak. Učestalost kandidoze u usnoj duplji statistički je značajno veća u dijabetesnih bolesnika u odnosu na osobe koje ne boluju od dabetes mellitusa. Neophodna su dalja istraživanja i praćenje dijabetesnih bolesnika, kako bi se razjasnila uloga gljivica roda Candida kao dijagnostičkog faktora za diabetes mellitus i značajnog uzroka oboljenja u ovih pacijenata. Ključne reči: diabetes mellitus, oralna kandidoza, oralna suvoća Uvod Diabetes mellitus je hronično oboljenje povezano sa mnogobrojnim faktorima rizika. 1-3 Prisutan je poremećaj metabolizma ugljenih hidrata, masti i proteina izazvan smanjenom sekrecijom i/ili poremećenom aktivnošću insulina.

The aim of the study:The aim of the study was clinical and cytological examination of gingival changes in smokers and non-smokers. Further, specific goals of this study were health promotion in patient, particularly in smokers.Methods:The anamnesis was taken and clinical examination was conducted on the patients who came on Dental Clinic. During the clinical examination, plaque index (Pl)16, gingival index Löe-Silness (Gi) and the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN)17 were done. After diagnosis was established, participants divided into group I –smokers, and group II – non-smokers. The gingival smears were taken for cytological analysis, dried on air, and stained by haematoxylin-eosin method.Results:The values of gingival index (GI)- Löe-Silness and periodontal index (CPITN) were higher in the group of smokers, but plaque index was also higher with statistically significant difference of their values between examined group, with maximum level of significance (p<0,001). The size of nucleus (area, Ferret’s diameter and perimeter) was higher in the group of smokers, but differences were not statistically significant. In the group of non-smokers density of nucleus was higher than in non-smokers group, but difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:The values of examined indices showed higher values in smokers group. This finding could show that the level of oral hygiene is higher in the non smokers group. The size of nucleus (area, Ferret’s diameter and perimeter) was higher in the group of smokers, but differences were not statistically significant. Teamwork of many different speciality experts is required for better periodontal health of smokers.

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Background An association between insufficient or irregular oral hygiene with the occurrence of dental caries, gingival/periodontal diseases, and consequently general diseases has been established. The null hypothesis that there is no difference in the oral health status among students in a preclinical medical program and those who went through a clinical medical program was tested. The main objective of the study was to analyze oral health risk factors (oral hygiene practices, attitudes, and behavior) as well as their impact on oral health by using convenience sampling. Material/Methods We investigated risk factors for oral health conditions by examining oral hygiene practices, attitudes, and behaviors among the students in the medical program of the University of Niš, collecting data using questionnaires. The study included 396 students of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and vocational studies. Participants filled out the anonymous questionnaire. Results In both groups, parents were mostly employed, with the representation of employed fathers significantly higher in student group 1 ( P <0.05), which is also the only statistically significant difference between the groups. In terms of oral hygiene practices, students were most often trained by parents (68.69%). A very high percentage of students brushed their teeth every day (97.22%), and 54.55% did this twice a day. Of the total number of students, 78.28% thought that it was necessary to use interdental brushes/floss/toothpick. The duration of teeth cleaning was 3 minutes in 39.39%, whereas 55.30% thought that it should be longer than 3 minutes. The most common brushing movements were combined movements and were used by 60.35% of all students. Of all students, 253 (63.89%) never smoked, 182 (49.96%) regularly went to the dentist, and 141 (35.61%) visited the dentist 6 months ago. The majority of students, 265 (66.92%), obtained the greatest amount of information about oral and tooth care from their dentist, which was the case in both age groups. Conclusions This study highlights oral health risk factors among students at the University of Niš. It is essential to determine their oral health knowledge, as it is of great significance both to patients and to students. Also, these students will be the major providers of health services and will be responsible for public oral health promotion. It could help in reformation of the oral health education program. The results of this research indicate that it is necessary to educate preclinical students to solve oral health issues.

Acta Stomatologica Naissi Decembar/December 2011, vol. 27, br./num. 64