This study is a quantitative research conducted to analyze the integration of project activity to increase the scientific process skill and self-efficacy. While uncovering the effect of each indicator of every predictor, a descriptive qualitative analysis has been done. Respondents in this research were biology students in teacher. The sample of 30 respondents were taken by random sampling technique. Research instruments were in the form of scientific process skill test and self-efficacy inventory. The hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Integration of project activity has significant effect towards scientific skill process at 0.038 with F value of 4.524 and also have a significant effect for self effication at 0.018 with F value of 0.018. Based on results analysis, it is concluded that there was an effect of project activity integration in Zoology of Vertebrate teaching and learning on pre-service teachers' scientific process skill and self-efficacy, with significance level of 0.05.

We investigated the correlation between argumentation and critical thinking skills simultaneously on students’ understanding of basic biology concepts in classes taught by Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) and conventional learning models. This study involved 180 pre-service science teachers (18-19 years old) who undertook the basic biology course in the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung. Argumentation skills were measured using the Argumentation Skill Test and critical thinking skills were measured using the Critical Thinking Test, whereas understanding of basic biology concepts was measured using the Concept Understanding Test. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed prospective effects of argumentation and critical thinking skills to support students’ understanding of basic biology concepts. In addition, the strong correlation between predictors simultaneous to the criteria found in ADI compared to conventional learning models. The lecturers should consider the empowerment of argumentation and critical thinking skills of students through the application of appropriate learning models.

A scientific approach for biology students in the Vertebrate course is needed in order to improve the skills and enrich the experience for new spirit of learning. The research was a quantitative research aiming to explain the influence of the encyclopedia as learning materials used in the scientific approach to improving the students' science process skills. Meanwhile, to reveal the influence of each indicator in each predictor, a qualitative descriptive analysis was employed. The encyclopedia was found to be able to provide visualization to represent an explanation. The respondents in this study were biology students who attended the Vertebrate course. Thirty respondents were selected through a cluster random sampling technique. A test of science process skills was the instrument of this research. Furthermore, the ANOVA was utilized in testing the hypothesis. The analysis results showed that there was a different effect of the learning approach on the basic science process skills. Moreover, there was also a significant influence of the scientific approach to basic science processing skills at a significance level of 0.001 (on corrected model) with F value equal to 7.411. Meanwhile, the significance level for basic science process skills was 0.024 with the p-value <0.05 and F value of 5.357. For the integrated science, there was a significant effect of the learning approach to the integrated science process skills at the significance level of 0.000 with the F value of 12.537. The significance value for the integrated science process skills was 0.044 with p-value <0.05 and F value of 4.224.

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The development of learning tools for Environmental Education to develop students' environmental literacy skills are indispensable. Methods of research and development using 4-D Thiagarajan (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). The result of the development of the device include syllabi, lesson plans, modules, and assessment instruments tested in class IV A Lesson Study by performing well. The trial results actually (validation testing) with pre-experiment (class IV B) can improve the literacy skills of students include aspects of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and skills and habituation. The trial results actually (class IV B) obtained N-Score Gain knowledge and attitude tests of 0.64 (medium), and N-Gain Score of the attitude scale questionnaire 0.67 (moderate). While aspects of the student's skills include practical activities seed, move into the growing medium, and the practice of making compost with N-Gain Score of 0.54 (medium) and 0.69 (moderate). Activity habituation maintain plants and credible form of checks compost with N-Gain Score of 0.48 (moderate). The results of research and development is expected to be utilized by the school and can be distributed to other schools.