To date, many efforts have been made to explore how to support driver's decision-making process with advisory information. Previous studies mainly focus on a single modality, e.g. the visual, auditory or haptic modality. In contrast, this study compares data from two simulator studies with 50 participants in total, where the visual vs. the auditory modality was used to present the same type of advisory traffic information under the same driving scenarios. Hereby we compare the effect of these two modalities on drivers' responses and driving performance. Our findings indicate that modality influences the drivers' behaviour patterns significantly. Visual information helps drivers to drive more accurately and efficiently, whereas auditory information supports quicker responses. This suggests that there are potential benefits in applying both modalities in tandem, as they complement each other. Correspondingly, we present several design recommendations on Advisory Traffic Information Systems.

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Laser pen instruction-aid system is intelligent equipment used to increase the interaction between lecturer and audience in the smart classrooms for face-to-face, mobile, or cloud learning. Lecturer can use the system to easily control presentation documents and to communicate with the audience. The system can function either as a mouse or a keyboard. And the system can draw a laser spot track and do path drawing on the presentation document, so as to make the presentation vivid and interesting. All these functions are supported by the Bluetooth communication mechanism, which sends control signal from the laser pen and receives the signal on the computer. The paper describes how Bluetooth devices enable the signal communications and the unique functions of the pen.