The development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalytic materials is an important part in scaling up sustainable electrochemical energy devices such as electrolyzers and fuel cells. In particular, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during water splitting renders the need of a catalyst indispensable. However, the development of catalysts is often based on laboratorial trial-and-error approaches and complex synthetic routes. Herein, the facile and systematic synthesis of pentlandite-like Fe x Ni 9-x S 8 (x = 0-9) nanosized particles from its elements with distinct Fe: Ni ratios was achieved using a mechanochemical method. The OER performance is optimized through tailoring the surface properties via altering the catalyst composition. The catalytic activity increases with higher nickel content in the structure, accomplishing an overpotential of 354 and 420 mV for 'Ni 9 S 8 ' to drive 10 and 100 mA cm À 2 , respectively, with high stability. The in-situ formed nickel oxide/ hydroxide species concurrent with sulphur depletion from the pentlandite structure upon OER are more active than NiS, inferring the crucial role of the pentlandite structure in activity. The herein reported simple synthetic approach could bring significant progress in the catalyst material development via rationally screening pentlandites with desired properties for modern energy systems.

BACKGROUND:Malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after trauma. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a validated scoring system used to predict the risk of complications related to malnutrition in nontrauma patients. We hypothesized that GNRI is predictive of worse outcomes in geriatric trauma patients. METHODS:This was a single-center retrospective study of trauma patients 65 years or older admitted in 2019. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index was calculated based on admission albumin level and ratio of actual body weight to ideal body weight. Groups were defined as major risk (GNRI <82), moderate risk (GNRI 82-91), low risk (GNRI 92-98), and no risk (GNRI >98). The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included ventilator days, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, discharge home, sepsis, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between GNRI risk category and outcomes. RESULTS:A total of 513 patients were identified for analysis. Median age was 78 years (71-86 years); 24 patients (4.7%) were identified as major risk, 66 (12.9%) as moderate risk, 72 (14%) as low risk, and 351 (68.4%) as no risk. Injury Severity Scores and Charlson Comorbidity Indexes were similar between all groups. Patients in the no risk group had decreased rates of death, and after adjusting for Injury Severity Score, age, and Charlson Comorbidity Index, the no risk group had decreased odds of death (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.41) compared with the major risk group. The no risk group also had fewer infectious complications including sepsis and pneumonia, and shorter hospital LOS and were more likely to be discharged home. CONCLUSIONS:Major GNRI risk is associated with increased mortality and infectious complications in geriatric trauma patients. Further studies should target interventional strategies for those at highest risk based on GNRI.

Utilizing a mixed‐methods approach, we examined 14 years of peer‐reviewed multicultural counseling supervision literature. Qualitative content analysis revealed six themes (e.g., interventions, supervisor/supervisee competencies) represented among four categories of methodology (e.g., quantitative, conceptual). We discuss the findings with limitations and offer further areas of multicultural supervision research and practice.

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